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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2018 Open Space PlanIngram Park INSSERT COVer Presented to: Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee Town of Cohasset 41 Highland Avenue Cohasset, Massachusetts Prepared by: Beals and Thomas, Inc. 32 Court Street Plymouth, Massachusetts www.bealsandthomas.com Cohasset Open Space & Recreation Plan Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Table of Contents i Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................ I 1.0 PLAN SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 REPORT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 REPORT ORGANIZATION .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 2.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.1 Former Open Space and Recreation Planning Efforts ...................................................................... 2-2 2.1.2 2009 – 2017 Open Space and Recreation Plan Action Items ............................................................ 2-3 2.2 PLANNING PROCESS AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ........................................................................................ 2-3 3.0 COMMUNITY SETTING ........................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 REGIONAL CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 HISTORY OF THE COMMUNITY ..................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION HISTORY .................................................................................................... 3-2 3.4 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.4.1 Population Trends ............................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.5 HOUSING AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ....................................................................................................... 3-6 3.6 IMPLICATIONS OF POPULATION TRENDS FOR RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE .............................................. 3-6 3.7 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE POPULATIONS .................................................................................................... 3-7 3.8 EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ..................................................................................................... 3-8 3.8.1 Major Industries .............................................................................................................................. 3-10 3.8.2 Family Income ................................................................................................................................. 3-11 3.9 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS .................................................................................................. 3-12 3.9.1 Patterns and Trends ......................................................................................................................... 3-12 3.10 INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................................... 3-17 3.10.1 Transportation ................................................................................................................................. 3-17 3.10.2 Water Supply Systems ...................................................................................................................... 3-17 3.10.3 Sewer Service ................................................................................................................................... 3-18 3.11 ZONING DISTRICTS ..................................................................................................................................... 3-19 3.12 LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS ..................................................................................................... 3-20 3.12.1 Long-Term Growth Patterns ............................................................................................................ 3-20 3.12.2 Buildout Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 3-21 3.12.3 Bylaws Adopted Since 2009 ............................................................................................................. 3-22 3.12.4 Community Preservation Act Projects ............................................................................................. 3-24 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL INVENTORY & ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 GEOLOGY, SOILS & TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Geology .............................................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.2 Soils ................................................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.3 Topography ........................................................................................................................................ 4-5 4.2 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ............................................................................................................................. 4-5 4.3 WATER RESOURCES ..................................................................................................................................... 4-6 4.3.1 Watersheds ......................................................................................................................................... 4-6 4.3.2 Surface Waters ................................................................................................................................... 4-7 4.3.3 Water Supply & Aquifer Recharge Areas .......................................................................................... 4-8 4.3.4 Flood Hazard Areas........................................................................................................................... 4-9 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts 4.3.5 Wetlands .......................................................................................................................................... 4-10 4.4 VEGETATION .............................................................................................................................................. 4-11 4.4.1 General Inventory, ........................................................................................................................... 4-11 4.4.2 Forest Land ...................................................................................................................................... 4-12 4.4.3 Public Shade Trees .......................................................................................................................... 4-13 4.4.4 Agricultural Land ............................................................................................................................ 4-13 4.4.5 Wetland Vegetation .......................................................................................................................... 4-13 4.4.6 Rare Plant Species ........................................................................................................................... 4-14 4.4.7 Unique Natural Resources ............................................................................................................... 4-16 4.4.8 Vegetation Mapping Projects .......................................................................................................... 4-21 4.5 FISHERIES & WILDLIFE .............................................................................................................................. 4-22 4.5.1 General Inventory ............................................................................................................................ 4-22 4.5.2 Vernal Pools .................................................................................................................................... 4-26 4.5.3 Wildlife Migration Corridors ........................................................................................................... 4-26 4.5.4 Rare Animal Species ........................................................................................................................ 4-27 4.6 SCENIC RESOURCES AND UNIQUE ENVIRONMENTS .................................................................................... 4-28 4.6.1 Scenic Landscapes ........................................................................................................................... 4-28 4.6.2 Unusual Features ............................................................................................................................. 4-30 4.6.3 Cultural, Archeological, and Historical Areas ................................................................................ 4-31 4.6.4 Unique Environments ...................................................................................................................... 4-31 4.6.5 Cohasset Cemeteries ........................................................................................................................ 4-33 4.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES................................................................................................................. 4-34 4.7.1 Hazardous Waste Sites..................................................................................................................... 4-34 4.7.2 Landfills ........................................................................................................................................... 4-34 4.7.3 Erosion/Sedimentation ..................................................................................................................... 4-35 4.7.4 Chronic Flooding ............................................................................................................................. 4-36 4.7.5 Growth Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 4-36 4.7.6 Ground & Surface Water Pollution ................................................................................................. 4-36 4.7.7 Impaired Water Bodies ...................................................................................................................... 4-4 4.7.8 Invasive Species ................................................................................................................................. 4-5 4.7.9 Forestry ............................................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.7.10 Environmental Equity ........................................................................................................................ 4-2 5.0 INVENTORY OF LANDS OF CONSERVATION & RECREATIONAL INTEREST ........................ 5-1 5.1 TYPES OF OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION LAND PROTECTION ..................................................................... 5-3 5.2 OPEN SPACE INVENTORY ............................................................................................................................. 5-4 6.0 COMMUNITY VISION ............................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS ..................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.1 Public Outreach Meetings ................................................................................................................. 6-1 6.1.2 Open Space & Recreation Plan Survey ............................................................................................. 6-2 6.2 STATEMENT OF OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION GOALS ............................................................................... 6-3 7.0 ANALYSIS OF NEEDS ............................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 SUMMARY OF RESOURCE PROTECTION NEEDS ............................................................................................ 7-1 7.1.1 Water Resources ................................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.1.2 Potential Designated Shellfish Growing Areas.................................................................................. 7-2 7.1.3 Invasive Species ................................................................................................................................. 7-4 7.1.4 Rare Species....................................................................................................................................... 7-5 7.1.5 Land Resources .................................................................................................................................. 7-5 7.2 SUMMARY OF COMMUNITY NEEDS .............................................................................................................. 7-6 7.3 CONSISTENCY WITH REGIONAL AND STATE OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION PLANS .................................... 7-7 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts 7.4 MANAGEMENT NEEDS AND POTENTIAL CHANGES OF USE........................................................................... 7-8 7.5 AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT REVIEW ............................................................................................. 7-9 8.0 GOALS & OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 8-1 8.1 GOALS.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................. 8-1 9.0 SEVEN-YEAR ACTION PLAN .................................................................................................................. 9-1 9.1 NEW SEVEN-YEAR ACTION PLAN ................................................................................................................ 9-1 10.0 PUBLIC COMMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 10-1 11.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 11-1 Appendix A – Public Outreach Appendix B – Cohasset Buildout Summary Information Appendix C – Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Information Appendix D – State and National Designated Historic Sites Appendix E – DEP Waste Site/Reportable Release Database Appendix F – ADA Accessibility Study Figures – Map 1 Regional Context Map Map 2 Omitted (there are no environmental justice populations in Cohasset) Map 3 Zoning Map Map 4 Soils and Geologic Features Map Map 5 Unique Features Map Map 6 Water Resources Map Map 7 Conservation and Recreation Lands Map 8 Seven-Year Action Plan Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Credits and Acknowledgments iv Credits and Acknowledgements This project was funded through the Community Preservation Fund. Thank you to everyone who participated in the update of Cohasset’s 2018 Open Space and Recreation Plan. Without the effort of many, this planning effort would not have been possible. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee Peter Pescatore, Chairman Lisey Good Chuck Peterson Dustyn Mascia Deirdre Riley Jeff Hartwell Tom Callahan Katie Holden, CCT Richard Karoff Eric Eisenhauer Other Participants Richard Avery, CCT Debbie Shadd, CCT Katie Dugan, Long Range Planning Jack Buckley, Cohasset Center for Student Coastal Research Leonora Jenkins, Cohasset Water Commission Clark Brewer, Cohasset Planning Board Carol St. Pierre, Cohasset Town Clerk Ted Carroll, Cohasset Recreation Commission Jennifer McCarthy, Cohasset Recreation Commission William McGowan, Cohasset Sewer Commission Brian Joyce, PE, Cohasset Director of Public Works Chris Senior, Cohasset Town Manager Survey Respondents and Public Outreach Attendees Consultant Beals and Thomas, Inc. 32 Court Street Plymouth, MA 02360 Phone: 508-366-0560 www.bealsandthomas.com Stacy H. Minihane, Project Director and Project Manager John P. Gelcich, AICP, Senior Planner David J. LaPointe, ADA Accessibility Surveyor Mary Kate Schneeweis, GIS Mapping Section 1.0 Plan Summary Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Plan Summary 1-1 1.0 PLAN SUMMARY 1.1 Report Background The Town of Cohasset’s 2018 Open Space and Recreation Plan (OSRP) update has been prepared to serve as a guide to the many committees, boards, commissions , and volunteer groups in the community. This OSRP update final report is the culmination of nearly eighteen (18) months of updating data, gathering public input and performing research. Similar to the 2009 OSRP, the 2018 OSRP is designed to inform the reader about natural resources, open space, recreational amenities and other related topics that exist in Cohasset. Mentioned throughout the OSRP update process by participants were the ideas that 1) existing open space areas should be made more approachable through dissemination of information relating to parking and trails; and 2) that many historic connections between open space areas have been lost, and that research and mapping of existing paths should be undertaken in order to maintain the existing network. Additionally, maintaining the Town’s character and ensuring that open space, natural resources, and recreation continue to be a focus as the Town continues to manage its growth. The final 2018 OSRP, in addition to serving as a guide for the town, once approved by the Massachusetts Division of Conservation Services (DCS) will allow Cohasset to apply for specific types of grant funding for projects related to open space and recreation. 1.2 Report Organization The OSRP illustrates the importance of continuing to protect and preserve existing sensitive environmental areas and also provides an inventory of existing open space and recreational facilities. Other sections of the OSRP update include a discussion of the most recent demographic information available (population and housing data), an environmental inventory and analysis, a significant section of this report is the seven-year action plan, which details suggested steps that different boards, commissions and committees in Cohasset can take to achieve the stated goals and objectives. Cohasset is a charming community with stunning scenery, valuable open space, and unique rock outcroppings on both the coast and inland that make it a wonderful place to live. The overall goal of this entire planning effort has been to provide another tool for the Town and its residents to use to help better understand the natural assets of the community. Section 2.0 Introduction Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Introduction 2-1 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Statement of Purpose The Town of Cohasset is a unique community with a tremendous diversity of natural resources, open space, and recreational amenities. It is a strikingly beautifu l community with abundant scenic vistas. A tremendous amount of work has gone into researching the type of community that Cohasset was historically and how it has progressed. The 2018 Open Space and Recreation Plan (OSRP) update is laid out to highlight the Town’s history and define how residents can continue to sustain the quality of life they currently enjoy through continued focus on the natural resources and recreational amenities that exist or may be needed in the future. The purpose of this OSRP update is to:  Review and update the 2009 Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan with the goal of identifying what action items have been completed, what new action items may be needed to address the impact of recent developments in town, what work remains, and which (if any) action items may no longer be applicable. The OSRP update is also meant to detail local open spaces, natural resources, and recreational amenities to help guide the Town during the next seven years regarding how to best enhance and protect those resources.  Inventory existing open space and recreational resources and recommend additional opportunities for acquisition, additional protection, or enhancement through the addition of specific facilities/amenities.  Inform and educate local residents about their community and existing open space, natural resources and recreational amenities and why they are important.  Obtain input regarding existing and potential open space and recreation amenities from Cohasset residents.  Create the momentum needed for the committee to begin implementation of the Action Items detailed in Section 9.0. The OSRP update has been prepared as a document that will be educational and informative to those who read it. Overall, it is hoped that this plan will guide public policy in the areas of open space preservation and recreation facilities and that it will function as an agenda for the next seven years. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Introduction 2-2 2.1.1 Former Open Space and Recreation Planning Efforts The Town of Cohasset has published several open space reports. Beginning in 1961, a Long-Range General Plan for Cohasset, often known as the “Benjamin Report” after its author, Allen Benjamin, was issued but never officially implemented. A second open space plan was prepared in 1970 by Henry R. Hidell Associates, but also was never adopted as Town policy. In 1996, in order to qualify for state grants, the Town prepared the Open Space and Recreation Plan (1997–2001). This was the first plan developed under the guidelines established by the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs (EOEA). The plan was submitted to, and accepted by, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and focused primarily on environmental health, protection of wildlife habitat, and promoted conservation of and access to open space and recreational resources. In June of 2001, a five-year update to maintain eligibility for state funding was completed with the adoption of the 2002-2006 Plan. This plan was prepared by the Open Space & Recreation Committee with the assistance of various Town departments. In fall 2008, the Town of Cohasset issued an RFP for a consultant to assist with the creation and submission of the 2009 to 2017 Open Space and Recreation Plan. Beals and Thomas, Inc. (B+T) was selected for the project and a committee of Town volunteers and municipal employees was formed in January 2009 to begin the work. B+T assembled a team of professionals to support the project and conducted a site visit to the town to view the existing open spaces, natural resources, recreational opportunities, scenic vistas and water resources. The committee held three (3) public outreach meetings that were communicated to the community by email blasts, newspaper advertisements, articles, and flyers at public places. The outreach program also included an Open Space and Recreation Survey conducted by the town and analyzed by B+T. The 2009 - 2017 OSRP was submitted to MAPC in March of 2010 for review and received back with comments on April 8, 2010. The OSRP was amended per the MAPC comments and submitted to the DCS in early May and conditional approval was granted by the DCS on May 19, 2010 for the term of the plan through May of 2017. While there were several recommended changes to the OSRP that needed to be completed, the conditional approval allowed Cohasset to participate in grant opportunities for the term of the Plan. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Introduction 2-3 2.1.2 2009 – 2017 Open Space and Recreation Plan Action Items Since 2009, the Town of Cohasset has made progress in accomplishing a number of tasks listed in the Section 9.0 Action Plan of the 2009 OSRP. An update of the status of each of the objectives outlined in the 2009 OSRP was provided by the current OSRP Committee. Specifically, the Committee noted whether an action was achieved, not achieved, or partially achieved, and also whether that action should remain a goal for the present OSRP update (refer to Appendix A). 2.2 Planning Process and Public Participation In the fall of 2016, the Town of Cohasset issued a request for proposals to hire a consultant to assist the Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee with the update of the Town’s OSRP. Beals and Thomas, Inc. (B+T) was selected and began working on the project in January 2017. The Open Space and Recreation Committee was appointed by the Board of Selectmen in March of 2017, made up of seven (7) members. The first meeting of the Committee was held on March 29, 2017. To facilitate development of the OSRP, a public forum was planned along with a community-wide survey to solicit public opinion regarding the status of open space and recreation resources for the Town. The public forum was held the evening of July 26, 2017 (Refer to the agenda and PowerPoint presentation in Appendix A). The public forum is summarized in Section 6.0, and goals and action items discussed at the forum are incorporated into Section 9.0. In addition to the public outreach meetings conducted by the committee specific to the OSRP update, a survey of public opinion was conducted between May 24 and July 25, 2017. See Section 6.1.2 for additional details. Section 3.0 Community Setting Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-1 3.0 COMMUNITY SETTING 3.1 Regional Context1 The Town of Cohasset is located in Norfolk County approximately 20 miles south of Boston. Bounded by the Towns of Hull to the northwest, Hingham to the west, and Scituate to the south and southeast, Cohasset lies on the coast with the Atlantic Ocean to the north and northeast. Chief Justice Cushing Highway (Route 3A), the only arterial road, bisects the Town. Route 228 provides access through Hingham to Route 3, the major regional highway in the area. Cohasset is a residential community with little commerce or industry. Because of the preponderance of both wetlands and rock ledge, development in Cohasset has historically been limited. The Town’s physical coastal character consists of rocky shores and shoals, numerous coves, and protected harbors. Features to the north in Hull and to the south in Scituate shared with the Town of Cohasset include Straits Pond, Bassing Beach, the Gulf River and Rocky Beach. Away from the coast, the Town shares the forests of Wompatuck State Park, Whitney and Thayer Woods (including portions known as Turkey Hill and Weir River Farm) and the Aaron River and Lily Pond watersheds with Hingham and Scituate. The Recreation Department has seen an impressive increase in programs, registrations, and revenue since the last report. In comparison from January 1-December 31 in 2010 to the same in 2017 programs have increased from 250 to 650; registrations have increased from 2,500 to 16,000 and revenue from $200,000 to $900,000. The contributing factors of this increase have been the successful before and after school program and the widely popular summer program that sees 75% of eligible children attend the program. The summer of 2018 saw over 50% of the entire total school population (PreK-12) take part in the summer programs as participants or staff. Consequently, since 2012 with a change to all recreation programs becoming 100% self-supporting revolving fund programs, the Recreation Department has become one of the largest employers in the Town with a record high to date of 111 during the summer of 2018. Refer to Map 1. 3.2 History of the Community2 Cohasset’s history has been shaped by the natural environment. As a Native American summer camp called Quonahassit (meaning “long, rocky place”), the area was occupied by a small population when Captain John Smith sailed into the harbor in 1614. Within a few decades, settlers from Hingham began to harvest hay in Cohasset’s salt marshes and, by the last quarter of the 17th century, some had begun farming in the area. Cohasset was incorporated as a separate town a century later, in 1770. For several decades before 1851, townspeople shared 91 acres of what is now Little Harbor for cattle grazing, but a storm in that same year brought the ocean over the dunes into the 1 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 2 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-2 pasture forcing the Town to create an outlet into the ocean for what quickly became stagnant seawater. As a result, ocean water flowing in and out of Little Harbor on the tides created a haven for saltwater fish as well as nesting and migrating shore birds. The mid-19th century was a turning point for the Town. Because of increased competition, the fishing industry declined from a high point in 1850 to virtually nothing by the 1880s. However, in 1849 the South Shore Railroad arrived in Cohasset, permanently changing the character of the Town. The railroad was abandoned in 1959. However, in 2007 the Greenbush MBTA Commuter Rail opened along the same line and currently pro vides service between Greenbush in Scituate and South Station in Boston with a stop in Cohasset.3 Although Cohasset had attracted summer visitors as early as the 1820s, the railroad made it easily accessible by a greater number of visitors. Hotels and boarding houses sprang up, followed by private summer cottages. While year-round residents survived on the remnants of the fishing industry, as well as small domestic shops and railroad work, well- to-do Bostonians were attracted to the picturesque coastline. By the mid-1880s, piped water made it possible to build houses on the rocks and ledges, previously viewed as harsh obstacles to farming. By 1898, E. Victor Bigelow, a local historian, accurately predicted Cohasset’s future: “The character of this town as a suburb and summer resort, to the exclusion of industries, has become fixed. A fair estimate of the future for at least a century must predict for Cohasset a suburban retirement. Many more homes of a comfortable and expensive sort may be expected to nestle among our ledges and hills. To Nantasket upon one side and North Scituate upon the other must be given the popularity that brings swarms of humanity to the beaches in summer; but to Cohasset, which has no long beach and whose shore line has been preempted already by quiet-loving people, there must remain a long era of immunity from crowds.” The final transformation of the Town into a suburb of Boston took place after World War II, when many summer homes became year-round residences. The population doubled between 1945 and 1970 but remained relatively stable at around 7,000 residents for the next 20 years (See Table 3-1). 3.3 Open Space and Recreation History The Town Common was Cohasset’s first public open space area, designated as open land when the first settlers from Hingham distributed lots in 1670. Privately owned open space remained abundant throughout the 19th century, but in the early decades of the 20th century, several important public and semi-public parks and reserves were created. The Trustees of Reservations acquired Whitney and Thayer Woods in 1933 and 1943 respectively and the Bancroft Bird Sanctuary in 1935. Wheelwright Park, was bequest to 3 “MBTA,” 24 March 2009 < http://www.mbta.com/schedules_and_maps/rail/lines/?route=GREENBSH>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-3 the Town in 1916 and the Sandy Beach Association acquired the beach for use by residents in 1917. Holly Hill Farm is approximately 140 acres in area and contains an organic farm, woods, fields, brooks, ponds and salt marshes, as well as an extensive trail system, which was recently improved by physically improving the paths and trails, adding informational signage, adding trail markers, and making available a published trail map and trail guide. Although privately owned, the property is available to the community for recreational purposes. Wompatuck State Park originated as a Naval Ammunition Depot that served the North Atlantic fleet during World War II. Some of the oldest farms in Cohasset were taken by the federal government to create the depot. When the land was declared surplus by the federal government, it was given to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Cohasset Conservation Trust (CCT), a nonprofit land conservation trust, was established in 1967. CCT's first property protected was Bassing Beach in 1968. Bassing Beach is the Trust's best-known property, and has been a popular place for swimming, picnicking, fishing, and beach walking for generations. Since that time, the Trust has acquired 23 properties (approximately 164 acres) and three (3) conservation restrictions (48 acres) on three (3) additional properties for a total of 212 acres in permanent conservation. Properties include beaches, freshwater and saltwater wetlands, upland areas, and watershed land. See Open Space Inventory for list of properties and map. These sites provide wildlife habitat and passive recreation (Map 7). During the term of the 2009 OSRP, the Town participated in the acquisition of the Barnes Property, located adjacent to Wheelwright Avenue. The Water Department also participated in the acquisition of Brass Kettle Brook and placed a conservation restriction on the Litchfield Land in the West End of Scituate. The land was purchased by Maxwell Trust and Scituate CPC-Maxwell Trust (Scituate) to protect Cohasset’s water supply. The Water Department also purchased a few small parcels outside of the Brass Kettle Brook Area within the Lily Pond watershed. Cohasset has a rich history of recreational opportunities for residents due to its location on the Atlantic Ocean and proximity to other inland recreational amenities. Boating, kayaking, canoeing, fishing, rowing, and sailing are some of the major water based recreational activities within the Town. Baseball, softball, lacrosse, tennis, golf, horseback riding, walking and organized running, have been some of the major inland recreational activities. The Town completed its Senior Center in 2015 and it is used extensively for Elder Affairs programming, social activities, and town meetings. A private indoor swim center has been opened in Scituate on the border with Cohasset as part of the Scituate Racquet and Fitness Club. The Club offers an Olympic-sized swimming pool with lap lanes, tennis, squash, and outdoor platform tennis. Additionally, the Cohasset Sports Complex opened in 2010.4 4 Cohasset Sports Complex, June 2010 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-4 The complex features 22,500 square feet of indoor playing surfaces that can accommodate two (2) full soccer fields, as well as lighted outdoor fields. Cohasset has an abundance of outdoor recreational opportunities using its natural resources such as bird watching, hiking, geocaching, scouting, and questing. 3.4 Population Characteristics 3.4.1 Population Trends Significant population growth took place in Cohasset between 1940 and 1970, during the post-World War II suburban expansion and baby boom. The Town’s population more than doubled in that period. From 1970 through 1990, Cohasset’s population remained relatively stable at around 7,000 residents. The Town’s population declined slightly between 1980 and 1990, but during the 1990s, Cohasset’s population had grown by 10 percent.5 A 2010 projection by the Massachusetts State Data Center incorrectly predicted a decline in population by 2020. Instead, since 2007, Cohasset has experienced its biggest growth in population since the post-WWII period, most likely fueled by the introduction of the commuter rail and the Town’s sewer expansion. The population has grown by 953 residents since 2007.6 See Table 3-1 and Chart 3-1. Chart 3-1: Cohasset Population Source: US Census, Bigelow, Town of Cohasset Annual Reports, ACS, UMDI, Cohasset Town Clerk (via Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee) 3.4.1.1 Age Composition Like many other stable New England communities, Cohasset’s population has been getting older during the last 30 years. The age composition has changed since the 5 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 6 Katie Dugan, Long Range Planning Committee, June 2017 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 c. 1780c. 182518981930194019501960197019801990199520002010201520202030Population Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-5 years of postwar population growth. The census breakdowns by age in 1970 and 2010 show how much the population aged during that period. In 1970, 41 percent of the population was age 20 or younger, and 28 percent of the population was age 13 or younger.8 In contrast, in 2010, only 31 percent of the population was aged 19 or younger and 24 percent was aged 14 or younger. In 2010, 40 percent of Cohasset households included children and teenagers under 18 years old. However the proportion of people 65 years of age and older has decreased. While 9.7 percent of the 1970 population was 65 or older, in 2010 that population had decreased slightly to 9.3 percent and 31 percent of households included persons 65 and older, a decline from the numbers seen in 2000. The median age of Cohasset’s population in 2010 was 44.8 years, up from 40.9 years in 2000.9 3.4.1.2 Population Density Population density is the measure of people per square miles of land area. Within the Town of Cohasset, the population density has been gradually rising from 1970 to 2010 (see Chart 3-2), with a small decline in 1990. As shown in Table 3-2, the population density in Cohasset is the least dense compared to proximate municipalities. Table 3-1: Population Density Municipality Density (persons per square mile) Cohasset 762 Hingham 998 Hull 3,676 Scituate 1,046 Source: Wikipedia, 11 January 2017, <www.wikipedia.com> 3.4.1.3 Household Composition Despite the fact that the overall population is relatively stable, the number of households continues to grow, reflecting a trend towards smaller household size and greater numbers of single persons living alone. See Table 3-2. 8 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 9 2010 US Census, 11 January 2017, <www.census.gov>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-6 Table 3-2: Cohasset Household Distribution (1970–2010) Year Number of Households Average Household Size (Persons) 1970 2,078 3.3 1980 2,411 3 1990 2,590 2.7 2000 2,677 2.7 2010 2,722 2.7 Source: U.S. Census The average number of persons per household declined from 3.3 persons in 1970 to 2.7 persons in 1990. In 2000 and 2010, the number of persons per household was similar to 1990. Married-couple households, with or without resident children under 18, accounted for 64 percent of all Cohasset households in 2010 and single- person households made up 23 percent.11 3.5 Housing and Economic Conditions Cohasset is an affluent residential community with less than 7 percent of real estate taxes paid by commercial properties.12 In 2008, the median house sales price was $670,000. However, in 2017, the median price increased by 31 percent to $881,750. The Fiscal Year 2010 average single-family valuation in Cohasset was $858,000. However, by Fiscal Year 2018 average single-family valuation in Cohasset increased by 12% to $959,700. There were 121 sales in Cohasset in 2008. The number of sales increased to 201 in 2016. 3.6 Implications of Population Trends for Recreation and Open Space To meet the needs of its population, Cohasset’s recreation and open space resources must serve both an older adult population of comfortable means and a growing number of families with children. The number of children and elders in Cohasset grew from 2000 to 2010. Households with children under the age of 18 and households with individuals over the age of 65 increased by one percent each.17 In 1998, Cohasset constructed a new elementary school and renovated the track, football field and tennis courts at the high school. In 2003, the Town completed a complete remodeling and expansion of its second elementary school and the Junior-Senior High School. Currently demand exists for walking trails and bicycle paths, reflecting growth at either end of the age spectrum. In 2010, the Cohasset Sports Complex opened and offers 11 2010 US Census, 11 January 2017, <www.census.gov>. 12 Debra J Krupczak, M.A.A., Assistant Assessor, Town of Cohasset, email correspondence, 24 March 2009. 17 2000 US Census, 15 March 2009, <www.census.gov>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-7 multi-purpose space that caters to sporting events, corporate events, non-profit events, birthday parties, functions, and more. This is a private facility that charges rental fees. Youth Sports in Cohasset has remained strong with children participating in the youth basketball, soccer, field hockey, lacrosse, baseball, softball, football, and cheerleading programs. More and more students are bucking the trend to leave Cohasset schools, as the high school has become one of the strongest sports programs in the state with state championships in multiple sports. In 2010, an indoor and outdoor turf sports complex opened on Route 3A and it is extremely busy year round, day and night. The Town also has many successful private for-profit fitness and wellbeing facilities. In 2009, the Recreation Department along with the public health nurse started a Health and Recreation Fair that brings all of these organizations under one roof along with countless free medical health screenings. The Massachusetts Recreation and Park Association in 2009 have honored the Cohasset Recreation Department with a Community Outreach Award for a “program over and above regular programming that demonstrates a benefit to the community.” This fair has become more and more popular each year with close to 1,000 participants. In 2015, the Recreation Department moved from the Town Hall to the former Our World Museum Space at the Paul Pratt Library and has expanded numerous programs with the additional space. The Department stills oversees the downtown Rec Center, that was formerly the DPW Office, for additional programs. Currently, demand still exists for more walking trails, bicycle paths and sidewalks, as well as playing fields. There has also been requests for a dog park, a skate park, and outdoor fitness. 3.7 Environmental Justice Populations19 According to the Massachusetts Department of Energy and Environmental Affairs, (EEA), Environmental Justice (EJ) is based upon the principle that all people have a right to be protected from environmental pollution, and to live in and enjoy a clean and h ealthful environment. The EEA established an Environmental Justice Policy to help address the disproportionate share of environmental burdens experienced by lower-income people and communities of color, who often lack environmental assets in their neighborhoods. EJ populations in Massachusetts are determined by the following criteria based upon 2010 Census Block Data:  Households earn 65% or less of the statewide household median income; or  25% or more of the residents are minority; or  25% or more of the residents are foreign-born; or  25% or more of the residents are lacking English language proficiency. Based upon the 2010 U.S. Census, the Town of Cohasset does not meet any of the criteria for an Environmental Justice Population. This is confirmed through MassGIS. The Environmental Justice population designation may change based on data obtained in the 2020 Census, and the Town should be prepared to address any issues that may arise. 19 www.mass.gov, Energy and Environmental Affairs, Environmental Justice Policy, accessed February 26, 2009. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-8 3.8 Employers and Employment Trends In general, most primary wage earners in Cohasset commute to jobs elsewhere in the region. The average commute time is 35 minutes and three quarters of employed residents commute at least 10 minutes to work.20 Cohasset’s unemployment rate has fluctuated between 2% and 4.5% over the time period between 2000 to 2008. From 2003 to 2008, the number of employed residents remained steady at approximately 3,500 while the labor force decreased slightly and then increased in 2008. The increase in the labor force caused the unemployment rate to increase. The top employers in Cohasset are detailed in the figure below: 20 Growth and Development Committee, Cohasset Master Plan and EO 418 Community Development Plan, Januar y 2004, Section VIII, page 101-107. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-9 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-10 3.8.1 Major Industries Cohasset has a small business sector in five zoning categories distributed in six locations. Most businesses are located either on Route 3A or in the Village Center. Cohasset’s largest sources of employment are businesses in the service sector, primarily businesses in the retail and professional services.21 The US Bureau of Labor has Standard Occupation Classification and Coding Structure based on 23 categories and has added four (4) categories specific to Cohasset resident data (home, retired, student, not applicable). 21 Growth and Development Committee, Cohasset Master Plan and EO 418 Community Development Plan, January 2004, Section VIII, page 98-101. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-11 3.8.2 Family Income A large amount of Cohasset residents are employed in professional occupations and have higher incomes than employees within the Town who work in service sector positions. The median household income in Cohasset has increased sharply from 2010 ($114,214) to 2016 ($128,224)22. Additionally, the median housing sale price has also increased over time. 22 US Census Bureau Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-12 Chart 3-2: Median Income Source: US Census Bureau, American FactFinder Additional information on Cohasset’s economic development, employers, and employment trends is detailed in the Cohasset Master Plan and EO 418 Community Development Plan, January 2004. 3.9 Growth and Development Patterns 3.9.1 Patterns and Trends The earliest settlements in Cohasset were the village center, the harbor, and the Beechwood area, where farms were first carved out. Jerusalem Road began to see the establishment of inns and summer lodging houses in the early decades of the 19th century. This was the area where private summer cottages were first constructed. The arrival of the railroad in 1849 attracted even more summer visitors to Cohasset. The Town continued to grow and, in the last quarter of the 19th century, new roads were laid out. Between 1876 and 1891, Doane Street, Forest Avenue, Atlantic Avenue, and Nichols Road were built. The last three were planned to accommodate summerhouses, which in some cases took several decades before houses were constructed. Conversion of summerhouses into year-round residences occurred primarily in the 1950s and 1960s. The combination of large areas of public land in the southern part of the Town and environmental constraints, both wetlands and rock ledge, has historically limited the opportunities for large development projects. Septic requirements, especially with the more stringent Title 5 regulations now in force, have posed another barrier to development. However, new construction techniques are allowing development $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 $140,000 $160,000 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 Median Income 1970 -2016 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-13 on properties that previously could not pass percolation (“perc”) tests.23 The sewer plant expansion was completed during the last OSRP's term, to accommodate additional residences covered by The Second Amended Final Judgement that was commenced by the Commonwealth in 1979. The judgement addressed violations of the Clean Water Act, 33 USC §1251 et seq., to abate water pollution in and around Little Harbor. The Commonwealth’s action under the judgement was terminated on November 13, 2014, after all the residences in the identified district along Little Harbor and Atlantic Avenue were successfully connected to the Town sewer system. The Environmental Protection Agency was reportedly concerned that there would be a possible increase in development in the environmentally sensitive district following the sewerage treatment plant's capacity increase, and as a consequence, the judgement contained language restricting sewer hook ups to existing residences. The sewering of the Little Harbor Judgement District resulted in 465 additional residences being hooked up within the 1.53 square miles of the District, to total 1,549 total residences in the sewer system, an increase of 43% over the original subscriber base of 1,084.24 Avalon Bay was constructed and building permits were issued in 2011. All 220 units count toward the Town’s Subsidized Housing Inventory. With these units, the town is at 10.63 % SHI. However, by the 2020 Census, the Town is presently trending to be 23 units under this threshold. Cedermere (now Toll Bros) was originally proposed for development as a 55+development. The 55+ limitation was removed at Town Meeting, and the site has been developed at market rate housing without restrictions. This project was to have an affordable component, but that too was changed and these units are now being sold at a market rate. The development of the former Cook Estate by Abbott Development is currently underway. Several other single-family subdivisions have been approved according to the Planning Board. In 2009, 8 James Lane came before the Board for a 3-story, 26,300 square foot, 17 Residential Unit building. This permit was denied. In 2012, 8 James Lane came back before the Board and the project, with conditions, was approved. Also in 2012, 117 Beechwood Street “Estates of Cohasset” a Definitive Subdivision Approval and Residential Cluster Development (formerly Cedermere, not Toll Bros.). Application was approved for 41 Single Family homes in a Residential Cluster. 23 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 24 Cohasset Director of Engineering, Brian Joyce, 2018 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-14 Large Home Reviews have increased over the years. Number of reviews, listed by year, below:26 2009 – 2 Large Home Reviews (11 Jerusalem Road Drive and 379 Atlantic Avenue) 2010 – 5 Large Home Reviews (21 Sheldon Road, 390 Jerusalem Road, 35 Fernway, 14 Summer Street and 150 North Main Street). 2011 – 3 Large Home Reviews (101 Atlantic Avenue, 379 Atlantic Avenue & 20 Hobart Lane) 2012 – 2 Large Home Reviews (139 Border Street & 54/60 Hobart Lane) 2013 – 3 Large Home Reviews (37 Beach Street, 25 Fernway & 465 Jerusalem Road) 2014 – 8 Large Home Reviews (46 Gammons Road, 63 Summer Street, 365 Atlantic Avenue, 112 Beach Street, 119 Border Street, 589 Jerusalem Road, 49 Ripley Road & 40 Hobart Lane). 2015 – 10 Large Home Reviews (61 Joyo Place, 19 Hobart Lane, 417 Jerusalem Road, 548 Jerusalem Road, 105 Nichols Road, 399 Atlantic Avenue, 1 James Island Way, 401 Jerusalem Road, Lot #11 Gammons Road & 15 Jerusalem Road Drive). 2016 – 8 Large Home Reviews (15 Jerusalem Road Drive (filed late December 2015), Lot #11 Gammons Road (filed late December 2015), 121 Nichols Road, 71 Nichols Road, 81 & 87 Atlantic Avenue, 1 James Island Way, 28 Black Horse Lane and 21 Pleasant Street). 2017 (as of November) – 6 Large Home Reviews (Jerusalem Road – Plot 43, 450 Jerusalem Road, 54 Rust Way, 3 Tad Lane, 92 Howe Road and 64 Linden Drive). Table 3-3: Building Permits Issued for New Residential Construction on Previously Undisturbed Land Year Number of Permits 2009 3 2010 0 2011 12 2012 18 2013 18 2014 18 2015 29 2016 29 2017 11 Source: Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Update Committee 26 Cohasset Planning Board, January 2018 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-15 3.9.1.1 Commercial Developments Commercial construction along Route 3A also has increased since the 1990s. The “Scituate Hill” four-lot commercial subdivision was approved in 2006. Other commercial developments that have been constructed or approved since 2000 include Pilgrim Cooperative Bank, Hingham Lumber Company, King Jewelers Company, Joseph’s Hardware expansion, and Rosano office/residential mixed-use building all off Route 3A. Additionally, Pompeo medical office building was approved, located off Parkingway. During the summer of 2009, the Town reviewed the CCI Energy application to construct two commercial size wind turbines on Graham Waste property on Route 3A.30 The permit was denied by the Planning Board due to boundary issues. Commercial Construction Commercial construction along Cohasset’s roughly three (3) mile commercial corridor has increased and experienced major investment creating new commercial opportunities and residential dwelling units. 32 In 2006, Cohasset approved Scituate Hill, a four (4) lot commercial subdivision within the Technology Business District. One pad site has been developed into a storage facility. The development of has created a 600 ft. long commercial subdivision roadway with three pad sites awaitin g development. The project was completed in 2016. In 2007, after Cohasset adopted a Transit Overlay District, a mixed-use building was permitted 132 Chief Justice Cushing Highway. The development created a 2- story building containing 34,000 sq. ft. of ground floor retail space and 23,000 sq. ft. of residential space on the second floor. In 2009, the CCI Energy LLC, wind energy conversion facility Special Permit and Site Plan Review Application came before the Planning Board. The application was denied due to a lack of the required super majority vote. In 2011, on land owned by the Trustees of Reservations located in the northwest corner of the Town. The Planning Board approved the construction of a commercial wind turbine project. The project consists of the installation of a 1.8 MW wind turbine on top of Turkey Hill. The wind turbine has yet to be built. In 2012, Site Plan Review for a carwash at 828 Chief Justice Cushing Highway was approved by the Planning Board and opened for business in 2015. In 2014, a clinic located at 234 King Street, Site Plan Review was approved for a veterinary clinic. “Homes at Cohasset Village,” at 8 James Lane, combined an 30 Jo-Ann Pilczak, Planning Board, Town of Cohasset, email correspondence, 9 March 2009. 32 Cohasset Planning Director, May 2018 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-16 approval of Site Plan Review and a Village Business District Special Permit for the construction of 11 townhouses. The Planning Board approved a modification of its 2011 decision relating to the Manor Way Circle Residential Cluster Development. The modification permitted six (6) units. The Red Lion filed for a Site Plan Review and a Village Business District Special Permit to add two new dwelling annexed buildings. This hearing continued into 2015. In 2015, the redevelopment of 1-3 Brook Street was permitted by the Planning Board, allowing for the construction of a mixed-use building containing of commercial/retail space on the first level and three residential condominiums on the second and third levels. Construction for the new redevelopment was completed in 2017. In 2016, a permit was granted to construct a 75,301 square feet (1.73 acres) solar array on the Town’s closed and capped landfill. Work has been completed and solar energy is new being captured for Cohasset. In 2017, 508 Chief Justice Cushing Highway was approved for Site Plan Approval proposing the construction of a new 4,436 sq. ft. office building, and a 1,920 sq. ft. detached storage building along with other site improvements. After receiving a Special Permit from the Zoning Board of Appeals allowing the combination of commercial and residential land uses on the site, the Planning Board approved a mixed-use development at 380-400 Chief Justice Cushing Highway. This approval allowed a 60,000 sq. ft. two-story building comprised of retail space and 20 local action rental-housing units, which will be included in Cohasset’s Shared Housing Inventory (SHI). The historical commercial hub of Cohasset is the Town’s Village District for both local and regional residents. The Village District has experienced incremental physical change to the existing structures since 2009. Anchored b y St. Stephens Parish, the South Shore Art Center and Pilgrim Bank, Cohasset’s retail business’s including Outside In Outfitters, the Pink Tulip, and Fleming’s of Cohasset Village. Restaurants within the Village District bring together a variety of options from Mr. Dooley’s Olde Irish Village Pub to the newly opened 5 South Main, and Bia Bistro, to the timeless French Memories Bakery. Cohasset Village remains one of the community’s strongest assets bringing together all residents from morning to night. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-17 3.10 Infrastructure 3.10.1 Transportation Cohasset is primarily a residential town with commercial and industrial development concentrated along Route 3A, the Town’s major arterial road. More Cohasset residents work in Boston and other commercial centers than work locally and the majority commute by driving alone. The MBTA re-established the Greenbush commuter rail in October 2007. Cohasset Station is located at 110 Chief Justice Cushing Highway and it is estimated that travel time to South Station in Boston is approximately 45 minutes. Currently, Cohasset Station has 410 parking spaces, 10 of which are handicap accessible. There is an average weekday availability of 71%.33 Additionally, the station offers parking for the Whitney Thayer Spur Trail into Wompatuck State Park. Nearby stops to Cohasset Station include Nantasket Junction, East Hingham, North Scituate and Greenbush.35 3.10.2 Water Supply Systems36 Cohasset’s drinking water is supplied primarily from a surface water system comprised of Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir. In addition, one well field, at Ellms Meadow provides supplementary water resources. Since July 1, 2012, the Town water system has been operated under contract by Woodard & Curran Inc. and overseen by the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners. A water treatment plant with a capacity of 3 million gallons per day (mgd) draws water from Lily Pond. Water from the Aaron River Reservoir can be diverted to Lily Pond as needed by adjustable gates at the Bound Brook control structure on Beechwood Street. The Ellms Meadow well field has a capacity of 0.170 mgd and is used to supplement the Lily Pond system. North Cohasset residents are supplied with water from Hingham. In the past, the Town has promised to explore the possibility of expanding the municipal water system into North Cohasset. In 2003, the water system was connected to the Hingham system on Route 3A, as part of an inter-municipal agreement. In 2017, another inter-municipal agreement was entered into with the Town of Scituate to supply water. In a July 1, 2016, water quality report to the Town, the Water Department identified a number of potential threats to watershed quality including:38 33 MBTA, 18 January 2017 < http://www.mbta.com/schedules_and_maps/rail/lines/stations/?stopId=25670>. 35 Telephone Conversation with Tom Gruber, 7 April 2009. 36 Jared Hill, Cohasset Water Department Superintendent, facsimile, 4 March 2009. 38 Water Commission Report 2017 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-18  The Cohasset Heights Landfill (toxic leachate). This was capped back in 2003 and testing wells were installed. All reporting was completed through the DEP Southeast Region;  The Massachusetts Highway Department garage (road salt runoff). A new salt shed was installed at least 10 years ago to meet all regulations;  Norfolk Conveyor (1983 oil spill and hazardous waste). The site was completely excavated and is now the location of the Avalon development;  The Hingham Annex former rocket manufacturing facility (toxic leachate). Hingham Annex & Wompatuck State Park Military Storage Bunkers – In the late 1990s, the government, which was in charge of the remaining section of the Depot that was not turned into Wompatuck State Park, announced it was going to donate the remaining part to the Park. This involved, first, cleaning the area and the demolition of the remaining buildings, despite their historical value. This task was completed in the spring of 2015, with the former building sites having been razed and covered with earth. New hiking and biking trails were established, roadways refinished as walking and biking trails, and access improved via the former rail bed, connecting to Route 3A in Cohasset near the Greenbush Commuter Rail Line (the Whitney Thayer Rail Spur). Gates have been installed at the end of Leavitt St. in Hingham and at the Doane Street in Cohasset; and  The Arrowwood Development in Scituate (septic systems). The property has been developed and each dwelling unit has a conventional Title 5 septic system; All of these sites are being monitored. A long-range capital improvements program for both the Lily Pond Treatment Facility and the Water Distribution System has been developed, and the Water Department is carrying out the goals set forth in those plans. This has included purchase of open space within the Lily Pont watershed. 3.10.3 Sewer Service Construction of the collection system for the Little Harbor-Atlantic Avenue sewer expansion was completed in 2009 and all connections included in the original plans for that expansion were completed in 2013. The final connections completed all steps required to satisfy the Commonwealth’s Second Amended Final Judgement. Subsequent to the final expansion connections and evaluation of the flows from the expansion into the treatment plant, it was concluded that there was sufficient capacity to allow limited, additional connections to the Town’s collections system. Concurrent with the maturation of flow from the expansion and determination that there was additional capacity in the Cohasset treatment plant, the Town of Hull imposed a significant increase in the cost of treating Cohasset waste water coming from North Cohasset. That flow was directed to Hull as part of an inter-municipal Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-19 agreement between Hull and Cohasset when the North Cohasset sewer expansion occurred in the early 2000s. The North Cohasset collection system and the Little Harbor-Atlantic Avenue collection systems were constructed with a number of valves that would allow flow to either or both of the Hull or Cohasset treatment plants. Under the terms of the inter-municipal agreement the Sewer Commission determined that the cost of treating North Cohasset flow was significantly less should there be capacity available in the Cohasset treatment plant to accommodate the flow previously going to Hull. All flow to Hull, which could be reversed to Cohasset without significant capital costs, was in fact reversed. Implementation of the strategic plan for reducing I&I flow into the Cohasset sewer collection system was continued with a significant expenditure planned in Fiscal Year 2018 for replacement of existing manholes with watertight fittings. These new fittings will effect an immediately demonstrable reduction of storm water flow into the Cohasset wastewater collection system. The Sewer Commission will complete the current I&I plans and develop a strategy for future activities to address leakage of water into the existing collection system. There continues to be a few new connections to the system as individual houses are built on lots that previously were not buildable until capacity was determined available at the treatment plant. Those lots were located adjacent to the collection system and by state law must be connected to the system if capacity was available. Cohasset is open to participation in regional strategic wastewater planning with the towns of Hull, and Scituate as long as there is a reasonable expectation of potential benefit to the Town of Cohasset. The Sewer Commission also plans to evaluate alternatives for additional wastewater treatment capacity in Cohasset, i.e., satellite treatment plants. As the flow into the Cohasset treatment plant approaches the regulatory limits on discharge, all options for management and maintenance of the treatment plant will be evaluated. This evaluation shall include potential changes in the discharge limits imposed by the state and federal authorities. Replacement of membranes in the WWTP is the only significant capital expenditure (Estimated at $1.5M) in the next five years.43 3.11 Zoning Districts Zoning districts in Cohasset include residential, light industry, commercial, and an open space district. A floodplain and watershed protection overlay district regulates development activities by requiring special permits. Special permits are issued by the Zoning Board of Appeals. The Town also has a Wetlands Bylaw and detailed Wetlands Regulations that are administered by the Cohasset Conservation Commission. Much current construction activity consists of the expansion of existing homes, which often involves floodplain and wetlands protection concerns. Cohasset also has a Residential Cluster Development section in the Zoning Bylaw; however, developers rarely bring forth 43 Sewer Commission, 2017. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-20 a plan under the provisions that adequately link open space within the Town. A “Large Home Review” bylaw for homes greater than 3500 square feet was passed at Town Meeting in 2004. A citizen’s petition to add to the Large Home Review bylaw by giving the Planning Board the ability to assign conditions to their approval process (i.e. environmental, or to minimize neighbor impact) was narrowly defeated at Town Meeting in 2017. The Planning Board’s proposed revision to that petition passed at the 2018 Annual Town Meeting. Additionally, the Town adopted the Transit Oriented Development Overlay District to foster moderate to high-density development within walking distance of the transit station.44 The trend of transit-oriented development has been growing throughout the nation and within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Finally, in the recent past, the Town passed a Wind Energy Conversion Facility Bylaw for turbines greater than 500 kilowatts. In 2008, Cohasset adopted a Stormwater Management Bylaw into the General Bylaw to prevent and reduce existing and future flooding, protect water quality, increase groundwater recharge, reduce erosion and sedimentation and help Cohasset meet federal requirements under Phase II of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The Stormwater Management Bylaw allows the Town to review development for elements that are crucial to the health of the open space. The Conservation Commission is the permitting authority for the Stormwater Management Bylaw. A citizen petition also proposed a bylaw proposal that would address development and blasting on ledge. However, the bylaw was not passed at Town Meeting. 3.12 Long-Term Development Patterns 3.12.1 Long-Term Growth Patterns The Town Assessor currently classifies 193 acres of open private vacant land as “developable” and an additional 127 acres as “potentially developable.” These two categories of land together constitute 5.3 percent of the Town’s 6,065 acres. Most of these parcels are small. The largest developable site contains 31 acres and the largest potentially developable site contains 45 acres. In contrast, 199 acres of open privately held land, 3 percent of all town land, is classified as undevelopable. Although current requirements for septic systems as well as the presence of wetlands and ledge preclude development of many sites at present, installation of sewer systems for several areas of Cohasset and the use of alternative technologies for localized communal waste treatment may open up some of the undevelopable sites. Area requirements for new single-family dwellings on a new lot in residential districts range from 18,000 to 60,000 square feet, with a frontage requirement of only 50 feet. Refer to Map 3. 44 Town of Cohasset Zoning Bylaw, March 29, 2008, Section 17.2. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-21 The following list details the topics discussed on an ongoing basis from 2009 to today related to long-term growth.  Master Plan  Green Communities Act, Green Development & Planning Assistance  Boston Region MPO Suburban Mobility  Smart Growth  Necessity to reform the Design Review Board in Anticipation of Village Business District Special Permit Applications  Cohasset Rules and Regulations Governing the Subdivision of Land  Neighborhood LEED Development  Ocean Management Plan & Ocean Act of 2008  Open Space & Recreation Plan  Reforming a Zoning Advisory Committee  MAPC – 3A Corridor Study 3.12.2 Buildout Analysis To assist cities and towns, the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (EOEA) initiated a statewide analysis of building patterns. A buildout analysis consists of a series of maps, based on the geographical information system (GIS), that illustrate a community’s current zoning, land available for development and how it is zoned, and maximum development possible in a particular community if every piece of developable land were developed based upon existing local zoning. Accompanying the maps, projections were calculated for the numbers of residents, households, public school students, and water use at maximum buildout. The buildout analysis provides a baseline for communities by demonstrating development as it could occur if no changes were made in current zoning. It is a planning tool designed to stimulate discussion and help communities identify if they are growing in the way they want and what, if any, changes they want to make. The 1999 analysis for Cohasset determined that 1,551 acres are developable. If all of this land were to be built upon using current Cohasset zoning, it would yield approximately 1,036 additional dwelling units and an additional 2,652 residents. This scenario would bring Cohasset’s total population to 10,769 residents. Appendix B contains the Cohasset Buildout Summary Information provided by the Massachusetts EOEA. This buildout analysis has not been updated by the Commonwealth since the 1999 issuance. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-22 3.12.3 Bylaws Adopted Since 200946 The following list includes the zoning and land use bylaws adopted through Town Meeting: 2009 –Annual Town Meeting  Article 13 – Update of the Town of Cohasset Rules and Regulations Governing the Subdivision of Land. 2009 –Special Town Meeting  Article 4 – Planning Board Associate Member 2010 –Special Town Meeting  Article 3 – Zoning Bylaw Amendment – Section 8.7.1 2011 –Annual Town Meeting  Article 11 - Amended the Zoning Map  Article 21 - Zoning Bylaw Amendment: Wind Energy Conversion Facility Bylaw 2012 –Annual Town Meeting  Article 23 - Zoning Bylaw Amendment – Section 2.1: Definitions and Section 5.2.6 Area Regulations General Provisions.  Article 24 - Zoning Bylaw Amendment – Section 2.1 Home Occupation Definition & Section 4.5.3.B – Additional Use Regulations.  Article 25 - Zoning Bylaw Amendment – Sections 5.2.6 and 5.2.8, Fence and Wall Reference.  Article 26 – Zoning Bylaw Amendment – Section 9.7.5 – Special Permit Uses  Article 27 – Zoning Bylaw Amendment – Section 9: Special Flood Plain And Watershed Protection District: Section 9.2 Location and, Section 9.12, 9.12.1 and 9.12.2 General Provisions Relating to the Flood Plain District. 2013 –2013 Annual Town Meeting  Article 16 – Temporary Moratorium, Medical Marijuana Treatment Centers.  Article 17 – Zoning Bylaw Amendment – Section 2.1 – Definition of Height.  Article 18 – Zoning Bylaw Amendment – Section 5.4: Area Regulations  Article 19 – Zoning Bylaw Amendment – Section 2.1 Definitions and, 4.2 Table of Use Regulations. 46 Planning Board November 2017 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-23 2014 – 2014 Annual Town Meeting  Article 23 - Zoning Bylaw Reconciliation  Article 24 – Registered Marijuana Dispensaries 2014 – Special Town Meeting  Article 13 – Zoning Bylaw Reconciliation 2015 – Special Town Meeting  Article 20 – Ground-mounted Solar Photovoltaic Installations Overlay District.  Article 21 – Special Permits in the Village Business District 2016 Annual Town Meeting  Amend General Bylaws Article III, Section 7(a) re: Planning Bd. assoc. member 2016 Special Town Meeting  Add Section 42 to General Bylaws Article VII re: Photovoltaic Array Installation Requirements  Amend General Bylaws Article 1 Section 1(h) re: non-criminal dispositions  Amend General Bylaws Article XIV Section 10 re: wetlands protection enforcement 2017 Annual Town Meeting  Amend General Bylaws to add ARTICLE VI, Section 10, and to set the funding limits for the Town’s revolving fund for FY18  Amend General Bylaws Article VI, Section 9.B  Amend Zoning Bylaws to add Section 21 as follows, re: Temporary Moratorium on Marijuana Establishments  Amend General Bylaws Article III, Section 2(k) re: Rights of Way  Amend Zoning Bylaws Section 2.1 – Definitions re: RGFA  Amend Zoning Bylaws Section 9.7 (8)(b) re: Special Permit Use  Amend Zoning Bylaws Section 4.3 (14) re: Inclusionary Zoning  Add General Bylaws Article XVII re: Scenic Roads 2018 Annual Town Meeting  Recodification of the General Bylaws  Recodification of the Zoning Bylaws  Amend Zoning Bylaws Section 300-5.5 re: Large House Plan Review  Add General Bylaws Article VII Section 43 re: Prohibition of Marijuana Establishments  Add Zoning Bylaws Section 300-4.3(15) re: Prohibition of Marijuana Establishments  Amend Zoning Bylaws Section 21.4 re: Extension of Moratorium Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Setting 3-24  Amend General Bylaws Section 9 re: Harbor Committee membership  Add new section to General Bylaws Article VII re: Plastic Bag Reduction 3.12.4 Community Preservation Act Projects47 The following list includes the Community Preservation Act (CPA)-funded open space and recreation project undertaken since 2010:  March 2010 – Purchase of Brewster Woods  May 2012 – Purchase conservation restriction on White property  December 2012 – Construction of Cohasset Sailing Club  December 2012 – Replace fencing at Milliken Field  April 2013 – Rehabilitate playground at Deer Hill School  April 2013 – Purchase land at King St. and Brass Kettle Brook  April 2014 – Restore court and equipment at basketball court at Deer Hill School  April 2014 – Participate in purchase of Ingram property  May 2015 – Contribution to costs of trail and woodlands work at TTOR Turkey Hill property  May 2016 – Plans & improvements to Sohier St. Playground  May 2016 – Upgrades to Milliken Field storage shed, including ADA bathroom  May 2017 – Fund engineering for rehabilitation of boat ramp  May 2017 - Repair fencing at Milliken Field  May 2017 – Repair Milliken field tennis courts  May 2017 – Bring Osgood, Deer Hill, Beechwood and Sohier playgrounds into ADA compliance 47 Community Preservation Committee, Richard Karoff Section 4.0 Environmental Inventory & Analysis Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-1 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL INVENTORY & ANALYSIS Cohasset enjoys a variety of environmental and cultural resources. The following section provides an inventory of these resources, and describes the environmental challenges facing the Town. 4.1 Geology, Soils & Topography Refer to the Soils and Geologic Features Map (Required Map 4) in conjunction with this section. 4.1.1 Geology The majority of Cohasset’s bedrock is comprised of Dedham granite.48 The prevalent bedrock within Cohasset has historically represented a development constraint, although more recent blasting capabilities have made previously undevelopable areas available. Glacial action is responsible for the town’s surficial geology; glacial retreat approximately 12,000 years ago carried soils, rocks and boulders, and, as the glaciers melted, deposited glacial till on the ground surface. Cohasset contains many boulders transported by glacial action and then perched atop one another, or “glacial erratics”. Rooster Rock, Bigelow Boulder, and Ode’s Den, all in Whitney and Thayer Woods, and Big Tipling in Wheelwright Park are among the most well- known glacial erratics. Cohasset’s present swamps and marshes were formed from small water bodies created during the extended process of glacial retreat that became vegetated.49 Image 4-1: Photograph obtained from The Trustees of Reservations website (www.thetrustees.org/pages/392_whitney_and_thayer_woods.cfm) 48 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 49 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 20 10-2017. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-2 4.1.2 Soils The majority of soils within Cohasset represent a constraint for development as they generally either contain prevalent stones and boulders or are poorly drained.50 MassGIS indicates that the soil types listed below occur in Cohasset. Prime farmland soils are noted with an asterisk (*), while important farmland soils are noted with a double asterisk (**). Prime soils constitute those exhibiting the most advantageous combination of physical and chemical characteristics for farming use and that are also available for farming uses. Important farmland soils include soils that nearly qualify for prime status, and that “economically produce high yields of crops when treated or managed according to acceptable farming methods.”51,52  Beaches (Be)  Canton fine sandy loam, 3 – 8% and 8 – 15% slopes (CaB* and CaC**)  Canton fine sandy loam, extremely stony, 3 – 8% and 15 – 25% slopes (CbB and CbD)  Canton fine sandy loam, extremely bouldery, 8 – 15% and 15 – 25% slopes (CcC and CcD)  Charlton-Hollis-Rock outcrop complex, 3 – 8%, 8 – 15% and 15-25% slopes (ChB, ChC and ChD)  Deerfield loamy sand, 3 – 8% slopes (DeB**)  Freetown muck (Fm)  Freetown muck, ponded (Fp)  Hinckley sandy loam, 3 – 8% and 8 – 15% slopes (HfB** and HfC)  Hollis-Rock outcrop-Charlton complex, 3 – 15% and 15 – 35% slopes (HrC and HrD)  Ipswich mucky peat (Ip)  Merrimac fine sandy loam, 0 – 3%, 3 – 8% and 8 – 15% slopes (MmA*, MmB* and MmC**)  Merrimac-Urban land complex, 0 – 8% slopes (MnB)  Montauk fine sandy loam, 3 – 8% slopes (MoB*)  Montauk fine sandy loam, extremely stony, 3 – 8% and 8 – 15% slopes (MsB and MsC)  Newport silt loam, 3 – 8%, 8 – 15% and 15 – 25% slopes (NpB*, NpC** and NpD)  Newport-Urban land complex, 3 – 15% slopes (NuC)  Paxton fine sandy loam, 3 – 8% slopes (PaB*)  Paxton fine sandy loam, extremely stony, 3 – 8% and 8 – 15% slopes (PbB and PbC) 50 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 51 Prime farmland soil information obtained from http://nesoil.com/prime1.html on March 13, 2009. 52 Important farmland soil information obtained from http://nesoil.com/important.html on March 13, 2009. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-3  Pittstown silt loam, 2 – 8% slopes (PtB*)  Raynham silt loam (Ra)  Ridgebury fine sandy loam, 0 – 5% slopes (RdA)  Ridgebury fine sandy loam, extremely stony, 2 – 8% slopes (RgB)  Rock outcrop-Hollis complex, 3 – 25% slopes (RoD)  Scarboro and Birdsall soils (Sb)  Scio very fine sandy loam, 2 – 5% slopes (ScB*)  Scituate fine sandy loam, 3 – 8% slopes (SeB*)  Scituate fine sandy loam, extremely stony, 3 – 8% slopes (StB)  Sudbury fine sandy loam, 2 – 8% slopes (SuB*)  Swansea muck (Sw)  Udorthents, sandy (Ua)  Udorthents, loamy (Ud)  Udorthents, wet substratum (Ue)  Udorthents, refuse substratum (Uf)  Urbanland, 0 – 15% slopes (Ur)  Urban land-Boxford complex, 0 – 3% slopes (UxA)  Water (W)  Walpole sandy loam, 0 – 5% (WaA)  Whitman fine sandy loam, extremely stony, 0 – 5% slopes (WhA)  Windsor loamy sand, 3 – 8% slopes (WnB**)  Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 3 – 8% slopes (WsB*) Of the soils occurring in Cohasset listed above, Table 4-1 depicts the ten most prevalent (by acre) soil types within Cohasset. There are no prime farmland soils within the “top ten” list, although important farmland soils are present. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-4 Table 4-1: Ten Most Prevalent (by Acre) Soil Types within Cohasset Soil Name Acres % Total Hollis-Rock outcrop-Charlton complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes (HrC) 1881 30% Rock outcrop-Hollis complex, 3 to 25 percent slopes (RoD) 576 9% Charlton-Hollis-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes (ChC) 517 8% Charlton-Hollis-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes (ChB) 343 6% Swansea muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes (Sw) 281 5% Ridgebury fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, extremely stony (RgB) 201 3% Freetown muck, ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes (Fp) 198 3% Newport silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes (NpC)** 183 3% Freetown muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes (Fm) 162 3% Newport silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes (NpD) 161 3% Other 1730 2% Source: Adapted from USDA NRCS, Norfolk County Web Soil Survey (www.websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/) The most dominant soil type in Cohasset is HrC, which is described as “gently sloping and strongly sloping soils and areas of exposed bedrock on hills and ridges where the relief is affected by the underlying bedrock…The shallow, somewhat excessively drained Hollis soil is on the tops of ridges or is near rock outcrops. The very deep, well drained Charlton soil is in low pockets and saddles. Stones and boulders 10 inches to 10 feet in diameter cover 0 to 15% of the surface.” Additionally, depth to the seasonal high water table occurs at greater than 6 feet with HrC soils. Slope and shallow bedrock depth are the main development limitations associated with HrC soils.53 RoD soils are generally unsuitable for development, mainly due to prevalent bedrock exposures.54 Seasonal high water and wetland characteristics associated with the mucky soils (Sw, Fm and Fp) also represent significant development constraints. Seasonal high water and slow to very slow permeability represent the main limitations of RgB soils, especially with regard to installation of septic systems, although development can be accommodated with consideration of mechanisms to avoid water damage.55 Seasonal high water and slow permeability are also constraints for NpC and NpD soils.56 53 http://nesoil.com/norfolk/HrC.htm viewed online March 25, 2009. 54 http://nesoil.com/norfolk/RoD.htm viewed online March 25, 2009. 55 http://nesoil.com/norfolk/RgB.htm viewed online March 25, 2009. 56 http://nesoil.com/norfolk/NpC.htm and http://nesoil.com/norfolk/NpD.htm viewed online March 25, 2009. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-5 4.1.3 Topography “As noted above, glacial action created Cohasset’s rocky shoreline, ponds, and marshy depressions.” The rocky topography prevalent in Cohasset produces many small changes in elevation, while more significant changes in elevation due to the town’s glacial past create a ranging topography that includes features from coastal estuaries to inland hills. “A number of the oval, rounded hills known as drumlins, which were also created during the retreat of the glaciers, can be found in the vicinity of Route 3A. These include Turkey Hill, Scituate Hill, Deer Hill, Bear Hill, James Hill, and Walnut Hill. Turkey Hill, on the border with Hingham, is the highest point in Cohasset at 187 feet above sea level.”57 Image 4-2: Topographic features of Cohasset. Courtesy of Google Maps online. 4.2 Landscape Character Refer to the Unique Features Map (Required Map 5) in conjunction with this section. Cohasset is home to distinctive landforms, unique natural environments, and areas of scenic interest. Distinctive landforms include the previously noted drumlins, as well as ledge outcroppings and boulders throughout the Town. Cohasset’s generally rocky shore also contrasts with the sandy beaches that are generally more common in the South Shore region. 57 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-6 Image 4-3: Glacial erratic, Photograph obtained from The Trustees of Reservations website (www.thetrustees.org/pages/392_whitney_and_thayer_woods.cfm) The Town’s landscape is characterized by a diversity of natural environments, ranging from uplands to freshwater areas to tidally influenced areas, including 6.12 miles of coastline. 58 Forested areas and wetlands are discussed in greater detail in Section 4.4. The various distinctive landforms and unique natural environments create areas of scenic interest in Cohasset. Particularly scenic vistas include those along Jerusalem Road and Atlantic Avenue, as well as from Forest Avenue heading toward the ocean, as well as the views of Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir more inland. The reversing falls at Cohasset Harbor are especially unique, and very popular with regional kayakers. In 2017, Cohasset passed a Scenic Roads Bylaw. The first proposals for designation are expected to be brought forward in 2018. 4.3 Water Resources Refer to the Water Resources Map (Required Map 6) in conjunction with this section. 4.3.1 Watersheds According to MassGIS, Cohasset is located within two major watersheds: Boston Harbor and South Coastal. North Cohasset and those areas draining to Great Swamp, Turkey Hill Run, and Rattlesnake Run, which all flow to Straits Pond or the Weir River, are located within the Boston Harbor watershed. The remainder and majority of Town lies within the South Coastal watershed, which includes areas that drain to Lily Pond, the Aaron Reservoir, Brass Kettle Brook, Little Harbor, the Gulf River, and the Atlantic Ocean. 58 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-7 4.3.2 Surface Waters Cohasset contains both salt and freshwater resources. In addition to the Atlantic Ocean, saltwater bodies include Cohasset Harbor, Little Harbor, the Gulf River estuary, and Straits Pond.59 Straits Pond lies within the northernmost portion of Cohasset, within the Weir River Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) and is located in both the Towns of Cohasset and Hull.60 Straits Pond is an Outstanding Resource Water due to its location within an ACEC.61 Straits Pond is described in further detail in Section 4.6.4. The Gulf River estuary is located in the southeastern portion of Cohasset, within both the Towns of Cohasset and Scituate, and includes salt mashers, tidal flats, and other lands subject to tidal action. The major freshwater bodies within Cohasset consist of the Aaron River Reservoir, Lily Pond, Sanctuary Pond, Treat’s Pond, Aaron River, Bound Brook, Peppermint Brook, Herring Brook, Brass Kettle Brook, James Brook, Turkey Hill Run, Richardson’s Brook, and Rattlesnake Run.62 Smaller ponds, streams, and seasonal wet places are also present throughout the Town. Note that Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir are surface drinking water supplies. Therefore, Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir, as well as the streams and wetlands tributary to these surface waters, are Outstanding Resource Waters.63 James Brook runs through Cohasset center, the most densely developed portion of Town, where it passes through a culvert under the village center and emerges south of Elm Street and drains into Cohasset Cove.64 59 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 60 Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. “Weir River.” ACEC Designations. 30 Jan. 2009 <www.mass.gov/dcr/stewardship/acec/acecs/l-weiriv.htm>. 61 Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards [314 CMR 4.00]. 62 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 63 Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards [314 CMR 4.00]. 64 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. Image 4-4: View of Moors Rock off Jerusalem Road, photograph courtesy of Karen Quigley Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-8 4.3.3 Water Supply & Aquifer Recharge Areas65 Two surface water supplies provide potable water for Cohasset: Lily Pond (DEP Drinking Water Supply ID# 065-01S) and the Aaron River Reservoir (ID# 065-02S). The 52-acre Lily Pond contains a maximum capacity of approximately 79 million gallons of water, while the maximum 479 million gallons of water available in the Aaron River Reservoir, which is 136 acres in size, supplements the Lily Pond supply during high water demand. The watershed associated with these surface water supplies encompasses 5,892 acres, of which only 40% is in Cohasset. The amount of water available for use in Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir without detrimental repercussions is 4.06 million gallons per day (gpd), whereas Cohasset’s average daily demand is approximately 820,000 gpd. During maximum demand times (summer), Cohasset utilizes up to 1.8 million gpd. Cohasset also conducts the sale of water to Hingham and Scituate. In addition to these surface supplies, the Cohasset Water Department also manages one well field. The proximity of the Sohier Street Wells (ID# 065-03G) to the recently re-established Greenbush rail line resulted in their abandonment. However, the Ellms Meadow Well field (ID# 065-02G) was reactivated in 2007 and has been approved for a maximum 170,000 gallons per day (gpd) withdrawal. It is anticipated that the existing water supply will meet future water demands for at least the next 20 years. 65 Norfolk RAM Group. “Where Your Drinking Water Comes From.” Cohasset Water Department Consumer Confidence Report Map. 30 Jan. 2008, 17 Feb. 2009 <http://www.cohassetwater.org/pdf/2008CCRMap.pdf>. Water Supply Protection Area Definitions Public Water Supply Protection Areas are defined in the Drinking Water Regulations at 310 CMR 22.02. Interim Wellhead Protection Area (IWPA) For public water systems using wells or wellfields that lack a Department approved Zone II, the Department will apply an interim wellhead protection area. This interim wellhead protection area shall be a one-half mile radius measured from the well or wellfield for sources whose approved pumping rate is 100,000 gpd or greater. Zone I The protective radius required around a public water supply well or wellfield. For public water system wells with approved yields of 100,000 gpd or greater, the protective radius is 400 feet. Zone II That area of an aquifer which contributes water to a well under the most severe pumping and recharge conditions that can be realistically anticipated (180 days of pumping at approved yield, with no recharge from precipitation). Zone A The land area between the surface water source and the upper boundary of the bank; the land area within a 400 foot lateral distance from the upper boundary of the bank of a Class A surface water source; and the land area within a 200 foot lateral distance from the upper boundary of the bank of a tributary or associated surface water body. Zone B The land area within one-half mile of the upper boundary of the bank of a Class A surface water source, as defined in 314 CMR 4.05(3)(a), or edge of watershed, whichever is less. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-9 4.3.4 Flood Hazard Areas Areas within Cohasset that are subject to inundation by the 100-year flood elevation are depicted on the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) community panels 2502360002B, 2502360004C, and 2502360005B dated September 29, 1986, July 2, 1992, and September 29, 1986 respectively. Note that a Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA) dated October 27, 1999 also exists for panel 2502360004C. A Flood Insurance Study (FIS) and accompanying Flood Boundary and Floodway Maps (community panels 2502360002 and 2502360004) are also available for the Town of Cohasset. The study and floodway maps are dated September 29, 1986 and provide more specific base flood information for most coastal and tributary rivers within Cohasset. Because of Cohasset’s extensive river and tributary system, many flood hazard areas are spread throughout the town. The areas subject to flooding depicted on the FEMA maps generally include the basins of James Brook, Brass Kettle Brook, Bound Brook, Turkey Hill Run, Rattlesnake Run, Aaron River, the Gulf River, Lily Pond, Straits Pond, Aaron River Reservoir, and portions of tributaries thereto. Also refer to Section 4.7.4 Chronic Flooding. The following is excerpted from the Flood Insurance Study: “Due to its coastal New England location, Cohasset is highly susceptible to northeasters...northeasters often last long enough to be accompanied by at least one high tide, which results in the most severe flooding conditions… In addition to flooding, damaging waves may result in areas with sufficient fetch length, water depth, and exposure to winds. The outer coastline from the Cohasset-Hull town boundary to the White Head section of Cohasset Harbor is susceptible to damaging waves. Seaward of the western side of Pleasant Beach is an ancient river channel which extends from the beach to approximately 1,500 feet offshore. The depth of water at this channel is significantly deeper than at other parts of the beach. These greater depths are a pathway for higher wave energy to reach the shore. The result is more overtopping and seepage at this part of the dune than at other sites in the system. Inland riverine flooding is also a major concern in Cohasset. During peak runoff seasons and high intensity storms, inland flooding occurs along Turkey Hill Run and in the downtown Pleasant Street area where James Brook passes through a long culvert…”66 66 Flood Insurance Study Town of Cohasset, Massachusetts Norfolk County, dated September 29, 1986. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-10 In addition, Cohasset Harbor and the lowland shores of Little Harbor are subject to flooding and velocity hazards (wave action). In 2018, the Town of Cohasset was awarded a Municipal Vulnerability Program (MVP) Grant through the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to become a proactive planning community. Cohasset has partnered with the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) and the Cohasset Center for Student Coastal Research (CSCR) to bring together community members and citizens to comprehensively identify and prioritize steps to reduce risk and improve resilience throughout Cohasset. The plans will analyze future climate projections, including heat, drought, inland flooding, and sea level rise. Potential impacts will be considered to public and private infrastructure, vulnerable populations, natural resources, public health, and the local economy. This work will tie into the revised Harbor Plan currently being worked on by the Harbor Committee. 4.3.5 Wetlands Wetlands provide a variety of important functions, including 1) the protection of public and private water supply; 2) the protection of groundwater supply; 3) flood control and storm damage prevention; 4) the prevention of pollution; 5) the protection of fisheries and shellfish; and 6) wildlife habitat. Cohasset contains many wetland types from coastal (including beaches, dunes, salt marshes, tidal flats and rocky intertidal shores) to inland (deciduous, coniferous and mixed forested swamps, scrub-shrub swamps, freshwater marshes, and wet meadows) as well as mixed saltwater/fresh water resources such as estuaries and brackish areas. Saltwater wetlands are located in the northern and eastern portions of Cohasset bordering on the Gulf River estuary, parts of Cohasset Harbor, Straits Pond, and portions of Little Harbor. Major freshwater wetland areas include:  The Great Swamp,  The area between Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir,  Brass Kettle Brook and Bound Brook,  Breadencheese Swamp (near the town transfer station and former landfill, north of Cedar Street),  Jacob’s Meadow (adjacent to James Brook between South Main Street and Elm Street),  Eighteen certified vernal pools, and  Ellms Meadow (adjacent to James Brook between Cushing Road, James Lane and the MBTA Railroad).67 67 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-11 4.4 Vegetation 4.4.1 General Inventory68,69 Cohasset falls within the central hardwoods dominated Southern New England Coastal Plains and Hills sub- ecoregion, which is topographically variable with granites, schist and gneiss bedrock types present. The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP) has classified the natural communities of Massachusetts; these classifications can be used to determine what vegetative community types are present at a given location. Natural Community locations can be reported to NHESP in order to increase its existing database. NHESP updated the Classification of Natural Communities in June 2016. NHESP has also identified “Priority Natural Vegetation Communities,” which represent the most critical conservation areas with regard to biodiversity in Massachusetts. No Priority Natural Communities have been identified in Cohasset. NHESP organizes vegetation community types into three systems: Terrestrial, Palustrine, and Estuarine, all of which occur in Cohasset. Specifically, within the three broad categories, Riverine, Coastal, and Upland Forest natural community systems occur in Cohasset. Within these subcategories, the follow specific vegetative communities occur in Cohasset:  Coniferous, deciduous, and mixed deciduous/coniferous upland forests (Terrestrial).  Herbaceous, shrub and tree riverine natural community systems (Palustrine).  Brackish tidal wetland, coastal bank/beach/dune, coastal forest, maritime shrubland, saltmarsh, tidal flat, and rocky shore coastal natural community systems (Estuarine). 68 Swain, P.C., “2016 Classification of the Natural Communities of Massachusetts,” Version2.0. Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA.. 69 Office of Geographic and Environmental Information, “MassGIS,” Metadata for NHESP Natural Communities, May 2017<www.massgis.state.ma.us>. Natural Communities are groups of plants and associated animals classified and described by their dominant biological and physical features. Natural Communities are assemblages of species that recur together in particular environmental conditions. Name types have 1. Characteristic plant species that usually occur in that type of community, 2. Physical structure (e.g. forest, grassland, shrubland,) 3. Specific physical conditions (e.g. nutrients, degree of wetness, salt, climate) Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-12 Refer to Section 4.4.2 for additional detail regarding Terrestrial areas in Cohasset, and to Section 4.4.5 for additional detail regarding Palustrine and Estuarine areas in Cohasset. 4.4.2 Forest Land Cohasset has over three thousand acres of forested land. Remaining sizable tracts of forested land within Cohasset include:  Wompatuck State Park  Whitney and Thayer Woods  Turkey Hill  Wheelwright Park  Great Brewster Woods  Barnes Wildlife Sanctuary  Cornelia and Richardson White Woods  Wooded portions of Cohasset Country Club  Turtle Island and vicinity  Reeds Corner and vicinity  Walnut Hill and vicinity  Adjacent to Deer Hill  Water Department parcels around Lily Pond  Brass Kettle Brook area off King Street Oak and white pine are the dominant species within Cohasset’s upland forests. In addition to the dominant oak-white pine forested communities identified throughout Cohasset, several smaller forest communities have been identified within specific areas of Town: 70 “Significant understory stands of American holly exist in Wheelwright Park, Whitney and Thayer Woods, and north of Lambert’s Lane” as well as on the Holly Hill Farm and Cornelia Richardson White Woods property. Oak- hemlock-white pine forests are generally distinguished by the presence of eastern hemlock and “can be found in moist lowland areas, particularly parts of Wompatuck State Park and east of Bound Brook.”71 Coastal forest communities are located proximate to Richardson’s Brook, within Wheelwright Park, and off Atlantic Avenue between Little Harbor and Cohasset Cove. 70 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 71 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-13 “In addition to the woodlands in parks and protected conservation areas, both mature and successional forest lands exist in scattered stands throughout the areas such as the edges of the Turkey Hill meadows.”72 4.4.3 Public Shade Trees73 Massachusetts regulations define public shade trees as all trees within a public way or on the boundaries thereof including trees planted by the tree warden (or a private organization acting with written consent of the tree warden) for the purpose of improving, protecting, shading, or ornamenting the public way. M.G.L. ch.87 §§1,7. Street trees line North and South Main Street, Highland Street, Oak Street, Pond Street and many of the roads throughout Cohasset. The Town of Cohasset has a Tree Warden. Cohasset does not have a Public Shade Tree Inventory. It is unclear if there have been any public shade tree planned plantings in Town since 2010. The Cohasset Garden Club planted trees on the Town Common in 2017. A goal should be added to assess the need to replant trees that have been removed and/or plant new public shade tree plantings and the possibility for obtaining funds. 4.4.4 Agricultural Land Cohasset does not have a significant inventory of land used for growing agricultural products or raising livestock, although there are a number of “backyard barns” and a significant associated horse population. The majority of agricultural areas in Cohasset are subject to Conservation Restrictions.74 Holly Hill Farm, a non-profit organic farm, represents the only significant working farm in Cohasset. Holly Hill Farm’s mission is to promote organic agriculture and responsible stewardship of the environment. They offer educational programs, including summer camps, for children and adults regarding sustainable farming, sell organic products at the Cohasset Farmer’s Market and at their own farm stand, and help supply local food pantries with fresh produce. The farm, including 140 acres of trails that connect to Wheelwright Park, is open from dawn to dusk to the general public. 4.4.5 Wetland Vegetation The most prevalent forested palustrine vegetation community within Cohasset is red maple swamp. A mixture of trees generally coexist within the red maple swamp community and include yellow birch, black gum, white ash, white pine, American elm, hemlock, pin oak, and swamp white oak.75 Examples of red maple swamps within Cohasset include Great Swamp and forested wetlands bordering on Brass 72 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 73 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 74 Personal communication, Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee, May 28, 2009. 75 Patricia C. Swain and Jennifer B. Kearsley, “Classification of the Natural Communities of Massachusetts,” Draft Version 1.3. Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife, 2001. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-14 Kettle Brook. Atlantic white cedar may have historically dominated the Great Swamp, as well. Atlantic white cedar was harvested by colonial settlers in the 17th and 18th centuries as a durable wood, but as a consequence, is now a rare wetland community type in Massachusetts.76 Non-forested palustrine vegetation communities within Cohasset include scrub- shrub swamps, freshwater marshes, and wet meadows. Shrub swamps in Cohasset are dominated by buttonbush. Although less common in Cohasset, open wet meadows and cattail marshes are present along lower Bound Brook, on the Richardson White property, and within Ellms Meadow.77 Tidally influenced wetland (estuarine) communities include beaches, dunes, salt marshes, tidal flats and rocky intertidal shores. Of these, only salt marshes exhibit significant vegetation, although seaweeds are likely present at the lower reaches of beaches and rocky intertidal shores, and dunes likely contain salt tolerant species such as beach grass, beach plum rose, and poison ivy. Salt marshes are dominated by salt meadow and saltmarsh cordgrass, however many of Cohasset’s salt marshes have become populated by common reed, an invasive species (refer to Section 4.7.8). Additionally, Cohasset contains several eelgrass beds, discussed in greater detail in Section 4.4.7. 4.4.6 Rare Plant Species The population status of rare plants and animals in Massachusetts is described using three categories: 1) special concern; 2) threatened; and 3) endangered:  Special concern species have either experienced a decline that could threaten the species without intervention, or whose populations are so small, localized, or dependent upon specialized habitats that they could become threatened.  Threatened species are likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future.  Endangered species are in danger of extirpation from Massachusetts.79 A relatively small area of Cohasset’s land is mapped as Priority and/or Estimated Habitat.  Priority Habitat (PH) is the geographical extent of habitat for all state- listed plant and animal species.  Estimated Habitat (EH) depicts the geographical extent of habitat of state- 76 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 77 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 79 Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife. “Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program.” 11 Feb. 2009 <www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/nhesp.htm>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-15 listed rare wildlife.80 Refer to Section 4.5.4 for information pertaining to state-listed rare wildlife species. Table 4-2 lists the most recent rare plant observations. These state-listed plant species are protected pursuant to the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act (MESA). Swamp dock (Rumex verticillatus), a threatened species, was found along Bound Brook below Beechwood Street during research for the 1997-2001 Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan, and is currently listed by the Natural Heritage & 80 Office of Geographic and Environmental Information. “MassGIS.” Metadata for NHESP Priority and Estimated Habitat. Sep. 2008, 17 Feb. 2009 <www.mass.gov/mgis/laylist.htm>. Image 4-5: NHESP 2017 Priority Habitat of Rare Species and Estimated Habitats of Rare Wildlife. Viewed online at http://maps.massgis.state.ma.us/map_ol/oliver.php on October 5, 2018. Priority Habitat of Rare Species are depicted in yellow. Estimated Habitats of Rare Wildlife are depicted in green Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-16 Endangered Species Program (NHESP) as occurring in Cohasset with a most recent observation date of 2002.81, 82 Rare plant species observed historically in Cohasset, such as seabeach dock (Rumex pallidus) and adder’s-tongue fern, both threatened species that were observed in Cohasset in 1876 and greater than 25 years ago, respectively; or that presently exist in neighboring communities, such as American sea-blite (Suaeda calceoliformis), a special concern species that was observed in Scituate in 1987, as well as pale green orchid (Platanthera flava var. herbiola), a threatened species observed in Hingham and Scituate, may also grow in Cohasset.83 Table 4-2: Rare Plant Species within Cohasset84 E = Endangered T = Threatened SC = Special Concern Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name MESA Status Most Recent Observation Vascular Plant Ophioglossum pusillum Adder's-tongue Fern T Historic Vascular Plan Maloxis unifolia Green Adder’s Mouth T 1928 Vascular Plant Rumex pallidus Seabeach Dock T 1876 Vascular Plant Rumex verticillatus Swamp Dock T 2013 Source: Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program. October 1, 2008 4.4.7 Unique Natural Resources The Town of Cohasset contains both unique coastal and inland natural resources. Unlike neighboring communities, which exhibit sandy coasts, the majority of Cohasset’s coastline consists of rocky intertidal shores. Another unique coastal natural resource is eelgrass beds. Unusual inland/freshwater communities include vernal pools (discussed later in Section 4 of this report). Eelgrass Cohasset’s unique natural resources include an eelgrass vegetation community. “Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a subtidal marine angiosperm, or ‘seagrass,’ that grows in temperate waters, often forming extensive underwater meadows. Eelgrass beds are highly productive communities, and are ecologically important because they act as a nursery, habitat, and feeding ground for many fish, waterfowl, and invertebrates. As such, eelgrass beds, as well as other seagrasses, often have become the center of resource management initiatives to protect them.”85 Eelgrass mapping projects have been undertaken by DEP and the Environmental Protection Agency. Although DEP mapping available online (comparing the extent of 81 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 82 http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/species_info/mesa_list/rare_occurrences.htm viewed May 2018. 83 http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/species_info/mesa_list/rare_occurrences.htm viewed May 2018. 84 http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/species_info/town_lists/town_c.htm#cohasset viewed May 2018. 85 Joe Costa, “Eelgrass in Buzzards Bay,” Buzzards Bay National Estuary Program, 18 Feb. 2009 <www.buzzardsbay.org/eelgrass.htm>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-17 eelgrass in 1995 and 2001, see right) indicates that eelgrass is present within Cohasset Harbor, later surveys indicate that, as of 2006, the formerly lush eelgrass meadow is no longer present within the Harbor.86 One of the suspected causes is untreated effluent from the Gulf River.87 4.4.7.1 Value and Assessment history The ecological and economic importance of the seagrass, Zostera marina (eelgrass) in coastal waters of the western Atlantic is widely known. As far back as the 16th and 17th centuries Z. marina was recognized for its value in sustaining waterfowl, providing habitat for fisheries, substrate for shellfish, and as a crucial component of sediment and shoreline stabilization. Humans harvested eelgrass for use as 86 Phil Colarusso, Marine Biologist, Environmental Protection Agency, telephone correspondence, 1 October 2009. 87 Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee, 2018 Image 4-6: DEP Eelgrass Mapping Project, Cohasset Harbor. Map 17 South Coast. Viewed on March 26, 2009 online at http://www.mass.gov/dep/water/resources/maps/eelgrass/cohasset_harbor.htm . Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-18 insulation, filler materials in bedding, and as compost for agriculture (Cottam 1934; Cottam and Munro 1954; Wyllie-Echeverria et al. 2000). Concern for the loss of these valuable services was magnified in the 1930s when the “wasting disease” decimated a large fraction of the North Atlantic populations of Z. marina, including populations in Massachusetts (Rasmussen 1977; Short et al. 1988). This large-scale decline led to a coast-wide reconnaissance of eelgrass abundance and numerous local investigations that continued for nearly three decades (Cottam 1933; Addy and Aylward 1944; Dexter 1953; Cottam and Munro 1954). However, it was not until the 1980s when the first attempts were made to quantitatively map seagrass distribution and abundance (MA DEP 2010). 4.4.7.2 CSCR Documentation of Cohasset Eelgrass Beds88 Student and staff from CSCR (the Cohasset Center for Student Coastal Research) documented the distribution of abundance (percent coverage) of eelgrass beds in 2016 and 2017 during the summer months. Students collected 634 data points as pictured below. Data collected included percent abundance, tunicate coverage, and sediment composition. Samples were examined in the lab for presence / absence of wasting disease, presence of reproductive shoots, number of shoots, and length of longest shoot. Image 4-7 displays the data as proportional points; larger points equal greater percent coverage. Image 4-7 Image 4-8 displays the same data in the form of a heat map that signals greater densities. 88 Jack Buckley CSCR Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-19 Image 4-8 It is important to note that CSCR student documentation is very well aligned with that of professional scientists and professional engineers. Two examples illustrate this point and are critical pieces of evidence that CSCR documentation is to be valued. The MA Dept of Environmental Protection eel grass map tool (2013) pictured below (Image 4-9) illustrates the Commonwealth’s most recent eel grass map for the greater Cohasset Harbor. Image 4-10 illustrates (at a smaller scale) the current density and shape of the same eel grass bed. Note the similarity of contours. Image 4-9 Image 4-10 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-20 The Commonwealth’s most recent report assessing the distribution and abundance of eel grass beds in Cohasset, the Twelve-Year Mapping and Change Analysis of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Areal Abundance in Massachusetts (USA) Identifies Statewide Declines (Costello and Kenworthy), determines that Cohasset’s beds have slightly declined in abundance since 2017. CSCR data suggests it may have grown. The report informs us of“[d]ata for hectares (ha) of seagrass mapped and change analyses in 33 Massachusetts embayments by region. It reports that “[s]eagrasses were mapped at three times where t1=1994, 1995, and 1996; t2=2000, 2001, and 2002; and t3=2006 and 2007. Percentage rates of change (μ,%y−1 ) for each site were calculated over the time interval (t).” Below is a table excerpted from the report. Note Cohasset’s 45-47 hectares of eel grass beds and most loss of abundance after a period of positive change. CSCR student assessment of the eelgrass beds ranges from 42 - 48 hectares, depending upon how tightly we draws contours around mapped points. The figures below show a range of calculations performed using GIS tools. An extrapolated density profile drawn from single points highlights the densest areas (Image 4-11). Drawing tightly around these contours, the method results in a calculation of just under 42 hectares. However, as one can see in Image 4-12, there are several mapped points that fall outside of the 42-hectare area. Drawing contours more broadly (Image 4-13), CSCR concludes that the eelgrass beds have maintained their size since 2007 and may indeed have increased to 48 hectares, a positive sign of growth since DEP calculated its more robust size at 47.35 hectares. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-21 Image 4-11 Image 4-12 Image 4-13 The overall health of the eelgrass beds have remained consistent. Although wasting disease and tunicates have been documented on the shoots, numerous samples have indicated healthy reproductive shoots. Additionally, underwater cameras have documented the presence of a variety of fish dependent upon the habitat for nourishment and protection. Cohasset eelgrass beds are relatively stable and healthy and demand preservation and conservation afforded through Open Space plan mechanisms. 4.4.8 Vegetation Mapping Projects With the exception of the previously discussed NHESP natural community and DEP eelgrass mapping, comprehensive town-wide vegetation mapping has not been completed to date. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-22 4.5 Fisheries & Wildlife 4.5.1 General Inventory “Cohasset’s forest, wetland, and coastal habitats support a wide range of animal species. Whitney and Thayer Woods and Wompatuck State Park offer habitat to a variety of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds. The many acres of contiguous forest, increasingly rare in urbanized metropolitan areas, permit the survival of “forest-interior” species such as box turtle, (a species of “Special Concern”), hermit thrush, black-throated green warbler, and possibly fisher. Because of the paucity of upland meadows and hayfields in Cohasset, associated grassland birds and invertebrates are rare or absent. Scrub vegetation in a few locations can provide habitat for species such as the eastern cottontail rabbit, coyote, black racer, indigo bunting, and the yellow and black-billed cuckoos. The rocky ocean coastline, salt marshes along the Gulf River, the tidal and mud flats of Little Harbor and south of White Head, and the brackish waters of Straits Pond support diverse communities of marine invertebrates, ocean fish, mollusks, and birds… However, the once bountiful clam beds in the harbor have disappeared, but mussels seem to survive.89 …Recreational ocean fishermen catch mackerel, bluefish, and striped bass, the latter especially near the entrances to the Gulf River and Little Harbor. The only commercial fishing industry remaining in Cohasset is for American lobster. Clam harvesting in Little Harbor tidal flats collapsed some 20 to 30 years ago. The tidal flats near White Head were re-opened for harvesting shellfish after 1996 but closed temporarily in 2000 for regeneration. Cohasset’s coastal bays, beaches, and salt marshes provide resting and feeding areas for many migrant and some nesting ducks, geese, shore birds, and waders, some of whom overwinter in Cohasset. Some 15 to 20 nesting pairs of least tern [have been observed on Pleasant Beach/Scott’s Shore in recent years. The Town’s red maple swamps, hardwood forests, and open fields provide habitat for many other migrant and nesting birds. Cohasset’s red maple swamps also provide habitat for species such as the star- nosed mole and wood frog. The shallow ponds common in red maple and shrub swamps typically have no fish. These ponds and small pools provide vernal pool habitat for frog, salamander, turtle, and invertebrate species. Warm-water fish species such as largemouth bass, black crappie, and sunfish, as well as painted and snapping turtles, northern water snakes, and many common bird species are found in and around Lily Pond, the Aaron River Reservoir, and Sanctuary Pond. The brooks and streams that drain from the uplands into the ocean provide habitat for warm-water fish species, birds such as spotted sandpiper 89 Karen Quigley, Board of Selectmen Liaison to Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee, Town of Cohasset, email correspondence, 27 September 2009. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-23 and warbling vireo, and stream-breeding amphibians.”90 4.5.1.1 Exemplary Habitats In 2012, NHESP and The Nature Conservancy's Massachusetts Program developed BioMap2 to protect the state's biodiversity in the context of climate change. BioMap2 is a planning tool designed to guide strategic biodiversity conservation in Massachusetts over the next decade by focusing land protection and stewardship on the areas that are most critical for ensuring the long-term persistence of rare and other native species and their habitats, exemplary natural communities, and a diversity of ecosystems. BioMap2 is also desi gned to include the habitats and species of conservation concern identified in the State Wildlife Action Plan. The two main components are Core Habitat and Critical Natural Landscape. Core Habitat identifies key areas that are critical for the long-term persistence of rare species and other Species of Conservation Concern, as well as a wide diversity of natural communities and intact ecosystems across the Commonwealth. Protection of Core Habitats will contribute to the conservation of specific elements of biodiversity. Core Habitat includes:  Habitats for rare, vulnerable, or uncommon mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, invertebrate, and plant species;  Priority Natural Communities;  High quality wetland, vernal pool, aquatic, and coastal habitats; and  Intact forest ecosystems. Critical Natural Landscapes identifies large natural Landscape Blocks that are minimally impacted by development. If protected, these areas will provide habitat for wide-ranging native species, support intact ecological processes, maintain connectivity among habitats, and enhance ecological resilience to natural and athropogenic disturbances in a rapidly changing world. Critical Natural Landscape includes:  The largest Landscape Blocks in each of eight (8) ecoregions; and  Adjacent uplands that buffer wetland, aquatic, and coastal habitats. Core Habitat and Critical Natural Landscape, which often overlap, are key to conserving out state's biodiversity. In Cohasset, 75.9% of BioMap2 Core Habitat is protected (1,126 acres out of 1,483 90 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2002 -2006, June 2001, Section 4. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-24 acres). 357 acres remain unprotected. In Cohasset, 78.9% of BioMap2 Critical Natural Landscape is protected (1,307 acres out of 1,658 acres). 351 acres remain unprotected. Refer to Appendix C for the BioMap2 Report including map for Cohasset produced in 2012. " In 2011, the University of Massachusetts Amherst Landscape Ecology Program completed its first statewide assessment of ecological integrity using the Conservation Assessment and Prioritization System (CAPS). CAPS is a software program that aids in assessing the ecological integrity of various communities (e.g., forest, shrub swamp, headwater stream) and subsequently, prioritizing land for conservation. Ecological integrity is defined as the ability of an area to sustain biodiversity over time. The following CAPS Map depicts the land in Cohasset that is within the top 50% of land with the highest ecological integrity across the State.92 92 Conservation Assessment and Prioritization System (CAPS) Statewide Massachusetts Assessment: November 2011, Landscape Ecology Program, Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Image 4-14: NHESP BioMap. Viewed online at http://maps.massgis.state.ma.us/dfg/biomap2.htm. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-25 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-26 4.5.2 Vernal Pools Vernal pool wildlife communities are very diverse. The pools are typically ephemeral in nature, with water ponded through the spring but drying by the middle to end of summer, although some pools do contain water year-round. Such intermittent drying precludes fish from establishing permanent populations within these wetlands; many amphibian and invertebrate species rely on breeding habitat that is free of fish predators. Physical factors such as water temperature, sunlight exposure, water acidity, and the duration of ponding all effect the type of animal community inhabiting a pool.93 As of November 29, 2017, Cohasset has 18 certified vernal pools according to NHESP via MassGIS OLIVER. This is twice the number of certified vernal pools reported in the 2002 Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan. However, based upon MassGIS information, there are an additional 86 potential vernal pools that may in fact be certifiable. Refer to Appendix C for information regarding certification of vernal pools. 4.5.3 Wildlife Migration Corridors Wildlife corridors become increasingly important as natural areas are inevitably divided by development. In the resulting isolated open spaces, the long-term survival of various wildlife populations depends upon patch size, the number of patches, and how isolated each patch is from the next. In order to conserve biodiversity, it is imperative to maximize both the number and size of protected individual natural areas, while maintaining bands of undisturbed lands to connect them. “Broad forested areas parallel to streams and rivers form natural wildlife corridors. The Aaron River/Brass Kettle Brook/Bound Brook system forms the core of Cohasset’s most important wildlife corridor” that links the Aaron Reservoir and Wompatuck State Park with Lily Pond, Bailey Conservation Land in Scituate, and the Gulf River estuary system. Additional significant riparian wildlife corridors include the Gulf River estuary and adjacent woodlands, a tributary stream to the Gulf River, Rattlesnake Run and associated wetlands, and the stream corridor flowing to Little Harbor within the Cabot & White Conservation Land. The opening of Weir River Farm, which lies adjacent to Turkey Hill, to the public by the Trustees of Reservations in 2000 created contiguous open space connecting Turkey Hill, Whitney and Thayer Woods, and Wompatuck State Park. 94 In general, the significant areas of contiguous “natural” areas within Cohasset and adjacent communities are also likely to contain wildlife corridors. Conversely, the recent reestablishment of the MBTA rail line through Cohasset may have bisected 93 Leo P. Kenney and Matthew R. Burne, A Field Guide to the animals of Vernal Pools (Westborough, MA: Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, 2001). 94 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-27 and thus eliminated former wildlife corridors. Development also has the potential to fragment corridors. Although the above-discussion focuses on local wildlife corridors, parts of Cohasset also play important roles in broader migratory corridors. Specifically, coastal areas on the South Shore are renowned for their importance to migrating birds. Essentially, any open space with cover and food is important to migrating birds, while the waters of Massachusetts Bay proximate to Cohasset provide important feeding habitat for terns during the summer. The air space above Cohasset is full of migrating birds, although they may not touch down in Cohasset, since many of the birds passing through Massachusetts during migration do not follow narrow routes. 4.5.4 Rare Animal Species NHESP has recent records for observations of Massachusetts Endangered Species Act (MESA) listed animal species that include least tern (Sternula antillarum), umber shadowdragon (Neurocordulia obsolete), mocha emerald (Somatochlora linearis), and attenuated bluet (Enallagma daeckii). Refer to Table 4-3. Another rare animal species that has been observed in Cohasset, but not listed by NHESP, is the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina).95 Rare animal species found within the adjacent towns of Scituate, Hingham, and Hull provide a guide for the types of rare species that might be found within Cohasset:  piping plover (Charadrius melodus),  common tern (Sterna hirundo),  arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea),  pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps),  barn owl (tyto alba),  purple tiger beetle (Cicindela purpurea),  wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta),  comet darner (Anax longipes), and  spartina borer moth (Spartiniphaga inops).96 In fact, although not mapped by NHESP as occurring in Cohasset, piping plovers are believed to be present on Scott’s Shore and Sandy Cove.97 95 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2002-2006, June 2001, Section 4. 96 Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife. “Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program.” 11 Feb. 2009 http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/species_info/mesa_list/rare_occurrences.htm . 97 Karen Quigley, Board of Selectmen Liaison to Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee, Town of Cohasset, email correspondence, 27 September 2009. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-28 Table 4-3: Rare Animal Species within Cohasset98 E = Endangered T = Threatened SC = Special Concern Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name MESA Status Most Recent Observation Bird Gavia immer Common Loon SC 1922 Butterfly/Moth Cingilia catenaria Chain Dot Geometer SC Historic Butterfly/Moth Eacles imperialis Imperial Moth T Historic Butterfly/Moth Spartiniphaga inops Spartina Borer Moth SC Historic Dragonfly/Damselfly Enallagma daeckii Attenuated Bluet T 2003 Dragonfly/Damselfly Neurocordulia obsoleta Umber Shadowdragon SC 2004 Dragonfly/Damselfly Somatochlora linearis Mocha Emerald SC 2003 Source: Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, https://www.mass.gov/service-details/rare-species-by-town-viewer viewed on November 29, 2017. 4.6 Scenic Resources and Unique Environments 4.6.1 Scenic Landscapes In an effort to protect this and other scenic drives and vistas in Cohasset, the Town adopted a Scenic Roads bylaw through Town Meeting in 2017. This confers protection to the trees and historic stonewalls lining the streets that receive the designation, which is assigned via a straightforward petition process. Image 4-15: View from Forest Avenue, photograph taken March 31, 2009 The Atlantic shore contrasts with the intimacy of Little Harbor, with its granite islands, and the twists and turns of the Gulf River, fringed by salt marshes. 98 http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/species_info/town_lists/town_c.htm#cohasset viewed on March 26, 2009. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-29 Image 4-16: View of Little Harbor, photograph taken March 31, 2009 The Town Common, set off by dignified historic buildings, communicates a classic image of New England calm and simplicity. The Cohasset Town Common is often considered to be among the finest surviving examples of an original New England town common.”99 Image 4-17: View of the Town Common, photograph taken June 4, 2009 Turkey Hill, which is nearly entirely surrounded by open space, lies on the Cohasset-Hingham town boundary and offers broad views of Boston Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean. Cohasset’s tallest point occurs within the 20 acres of the Turkey Hill parcel that lie within the town. Turkey Hill was acquired with cooperation between the Towns of Cohasset and Hingham, The Trustees of Reservations, the Cohasset Conservation Trust, and the Hingham Land 99 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2002-2006, June 2001, Section 4. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-30 Conservation Trust. 4.6.2 Unusual Features “Cohasset’s boulders, rocks, and ledges are intrinsic to the town’s character. Several of the most famous glacial erratics, Rooster Rock, Ode’s Den, and Bigelow Boulder, are already preserved within Whitney and Thayer Woods by The Trustees of Reservations.”100 There have been at least two attempts to better protect the rock ledge throughout town from development, most recently via a proposed Land Alteration bylaw, which was narrowly defeated at Town Meeting in May of 2017. As of the writing of this plan, a citizen’s group is actively working to bring a revised version of the bylaw up to a vote at the next Town Meeting. Ode's Den is named after Theodore "Ode" Pritchard, who lived under one of the boulders after losing his home in 1830. Bigelow Boulder is named in honor of the author of the first volume of The Narrative History of Cohasset. Nearby, the Milliken Memorial Path was originally planted with flowering shrubs in the late 1920s by Arthur N. Milliken as a memorial to his wife, Mabel Minott Milliken.101 Perhaps Cohasset’s most unusual feature is the reversing rapids under the Border Street bridge and Cunningham Bridge on Atlantic Avenue. These rapids change direction with the tide between the harbor and the Gulf River estuary at Border Street and Atlantic Ocean and Little Harbor at Atlantic Avenue. Image 4-18: Reversing Rapids, photograph taken March 31, 2009 100 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 101 The Trustees of Reservations. “Whitney and Thayer Woods.” 17 Feb. 2009 <www.thetrustees.org/pages/392_whitney_and_thayer_woods.cfm>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-31 4.6.3 Cultural, Archeological, and Historical Areas “The two historic centers of settlement in Cohasset are the village and harbor area, focusing on maritime pursuits, and the Beechwood area, which was once the center of the town’s agricultural life. The Town Common and Government Island are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Historic Districts and the Caleb Lothrup House (1821) is a National Register Individual Site. The Town Common and surrounding historic churches and residences also comprise a local historic district. The Joshua Bates house, dating from 1695, and a number of 18th century houses are valuable historic resources. In addition to the colonial and early national period buildings and sites in Cohasset, the Victorian mansions built along Jerusalem Road and Atlantic Avenue represent examples of later, significant historic architectural styles. The drive along Jerusalem Road became famous in the late 19th century not only for the picturesque views of the rocky shore and ocean, but also for the substantial homes perched on the rocks. Also listed as a National Register Individual Site is the Hagerty House, located near Sandy Beach. Built in 1938, the Hagerty House was designed in the international style by Walter Gropius in association with Marcel Breuer.”102 See Appendix D for State and National Designated Historic Sites (including information from the Massachusetts Archaeological and Cultural Information System). In 1998, the Cohasset Historical Society also published A Quick Guide to Cohasset Heritage Trail Houses 1695-1816. This guide lists the date of construction, historic name, address, and a brief description about each of the 94 historic buildings and their occupants. 4.6.4 Unique Environments Being on the coast, Cohasset has unique marine and estuarine systems including salt marshes, tidal flats, and barrier beaches. Cohasset has approximately 160 acres of salt marsh, 287 acres of tidal flats, and three segments of barrier beach for a total of 20 acres103. These dynamic systems are valuable for recreation, shellfish, storm damage prevention, pollution prevention, flood control and wildlife. 4.6.4.1 Bassing Beach Bassing Beach, owned by Cohasset Conservation Trust, is a ¾ mile long barrier beach which includes salt marsh and upland forest. Although located in Scituate, Bassing Beach defines the northwest side of Cohasset Harbor. The property is sited from the westernmost point to a north-south line about 1,000 feet east of the breakwater and bounded on the south by Bailey’s Creek and a tidal creek called Four Score Ditch. Bassing Beach including surrounding tidal flats provides habitat for a diversity of shellfish such as oysters and clams, birds such as osprey and 102 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 103 January 1985 Inventory by Lloyd Center for Environmental Studies & the Mass. Coasta l Zone Management Program – Cohasset consists of 6,438.4 acres. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-32 plovers, and wildlife such as deer and rabbits. Bassing Beach provides nesting and resting sites for many species of shore and migratory birds. In an effort to promote native wildlife by restoring native vegetation, CCT has held work parties for two years to remove invasive pepperweed and planted dozens of edible natives such as beach plums and fireweed. Bassing Beach is a significant recreation resource popular with beach goers and only accessible by water. There are two cottages on Bassing Beach owned by the Cohasset Conservation Trust. 4.6.4.2 Straits Pond The unique (for the greater Boston area) salt marsh ecosystem associated with Straits Pond (located on the Cohasset/Hull town boundary) forms part of the Weir River Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC). The Weir River ACEC was designated as such not only for its ecosystem, but also due to development pressure facing the area.104 The approximately 950 acres of the Weir River ACEC (which include areas in Cohasset, Hingham, and Hull) support over 100 migratory and resident bird species, numerous small mammals, and shellfish, which were historically harvested and which continue to provide a food source for avian populations. A diverse finfish population, including alewives, smelt, flounder, bluefish, and striped bass, utilize the marshes and flats within this ACEC as nursery and feeding areas. The Weir River estuary floodplain also protects adjacent areas from flood damage.105, 106, 107 “Straits Pond is the innermost element of the estuary and the salinity of the water is increasingly precarious. The pond suffers contamination from runoff and leaching septic systems, resulting in sedimentation and eutrophication. It is also subject to increasing residential development pressures in both Hull and Cohasset. A municipal sewer system was installed in North Cohasset and will improve the environmental health of Straits Pond, but may further contribute to increasing development pressure.”108 Straits Pond is currently closed to fishing due to coliform bacteria. The Straits Pond Watershed Association mission is “to provide community input to governmental committees and agencies, and to facilitate efforts to maintain and improve the environmental quality and the beauty of Straits 104 Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. “Weir River.” ACEC Designations. 30 Jan. 2009 <www.mass.gov/dcr/stewardship/acec/acecs/l-weiriv.htm>. 105 “Straits Pond Watershed Association,” The Weir River Watershed Association, Inc. 30 Jan. 2009. <http://www.weirriver.org/>. 106 Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. “Weir River.” ACEC Designations. 30 Jan. 2009 <www.mass.gov/dcr/stewardship/acec/acecs/l-weiriv.htm>. 107 Weir River Estuary Park Committee, “Weir River Estuary Land Protection Plan,” Dec. 2004, 17 Feb. 2009 <www.uhi.umb.edu/pdf_files/WREP_Protection_Plan_final_0202.pdf>. 108 Weir River Estuary Park Committee, “Weir River Estuary Land Protection Plan,” Dec. 2004, 17 Feb. 2009 <www.uhi.umb.edu/pdf_files/WREP_Protection_Plan_final_0202.pdf>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-33 Pond.”109 Straits Pond tide gates were completed before 2013. The intention was to increase tidal flushing and control of water flow to from Straits Pond. The structure resides on the West Corner bridge that is 25% owned by Cohasset, 25% owned by Hingham, and 50% owned by Hull. Due to the Hull majority and the proximity of Hull DPW just across the street, Hull DPW controls 100% of the operation and maintenance of the gates and structure. The only cost sharing there has been in connection with the phase 1 dam inspection (due every 5 years). The amount was $5,000 split by the percentages of bridge/dam ownership. A restoration project through Coastal Zone Management’s Wetland Restoration Program (in cooperation with others) for Straits Pond began in 2009 and has used a tidal gate and flushing protocol since 2010 which successfully eliminated the midge larvae in the sediment by raising the salinity levels. Thus the seasonal midge infestations have been eliminated. The SPWA is working with the Hull Conservation Agent to understand the algae phenomenon and has learned that widgeon grass is now well established in the shallow pond. The grasses grow up to the pond surface and then continue to grow along the surface. The algae attaches to these grasses to create the noisome mats that decay and smell.110 4.6.5 Cohasset Cemeteries Cemeteries located in the Town of Cohasset contain public shade trees, maintained lawns, and peaceful spaces that contribute to Cohasset’s history and sense of rural character. A list of Cohasset Cemeteries is provided below: 113  Beechwood Cemetery – Beechwood/Doane Streets  Cedar Street Cemetery – Off Cedar Street between North Main and Hull Streets (adjacent to the Cohasset Golf Club)  Central Cemetery – North Main Street/Joy Place  Green Gate Cemetery – Jerusalem Road  Woodside Cemetery – North Main Street 109 “Straits Pond Watershed Association,” The Weir River Watershed Association, Inc. 30 Jan. 2009. <http://www.weirriver.org/>. 110 Dick Avery, email correspondence with Katie Holden, 15, May 2018. 113 Richard Dennis Souther, “Cohasset Cemeteries,” Souther Family Association Home Page, 15 May 2018 <www.geocities.com/Heartland/Estates/9785/cohasset.html>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-34 4.7 Environmental Challenges 4.7.1 Hazardous Waste Sites The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) maintains a database of sites in communities throughout the state where oil or other hazardous material has been released and reported to DEP. According to DEP’s Waste Site/Reportable Release database, updated through March 18, 2009, the Town of Cohasset has 99 sites listed (refer to Appendix E), many of which have been appropriately remediated.114 Wompatuck State Park contains contamination associated with a historic federal defense facility (the Hingham Naval Ammunition Depot Annex). Although the contamination lies within the portion of Wompatuck in Hingham, it is within the watershed of Brass Kettle Brook and Lily Pond. Water quality t esting led the Army Corps of Engineers to conclude that the remaining contamination is unlikely to migrate toward Lily Pond.115 4.7.2 Landfills “The town owns a 10-acre landfill within a 44-acre parcel on Cedar Street. It began operation in the 1940s as an open burning dump. Burning of waste ended in the early 1970s but the landfill continued to receive municipal solid waste until 1989, when a transfer station and recycling center were constructed adjacent to the landfill. Refuse is taken by a private contractor to the SEMASS Resource Recovery Facility in Rochester, Massachusetts. The landfill capping has been completed.”116 “Cohasset Heights Ltd. (CHL) owns a private landfill at 23 Crocker Lane. Landfill operations began in 1976 under a previous owner, who sold the property to CHL in 1982. The landfill was closed in 1998.”117 This facility is located in a former gravel pit on the western side of Scituate Hill that lies between the Great Swamp 114 Massachusetts Department of Envrionmnetal Protection, “Waste Site / Reportable Releases Look Up,” 21 Fe b. 2009 <http://db.state.ma.us/dep/cleanup/sites/search.asp>. 115 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 116 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. 117 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. Image 4-19: Marker of freed slave in Woodside Cemetery, photograph taken March 31, 2009 Image 4-19: Cedar Street Cemetery, photograph taken March 31, 2009 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-35 and wetlands flowing to Brass Kettle Brook. 118 The Water Commission requested Norfolk Environmental to study the potential contamination of the Lily Pond watershed by CHL. This effort concluded that contaminants from CHL have migrated about one-quarter mile from the landfill, to wells 8/8A and wells 7/7A. The report also stated that further studies would be needed to fully characterize the pattern of groundwater flow from the landfill. Norfolk Environmental also has confirmed the existence of two north/south trending bedrock fractures, which could allow contaminated leachate from CHL to drain toward Brass Kettle Brook, which is tributary to Lily Pond.119 An expansion to the landfill had been proposed, however this request was denied, and the landfill is now capped, closed, and monitored.120 A solar array installation at the town landfill was competed in August 2017 to create a renewable energy facility. A Post Closure Use Permit was received from MassDEP during the preparation/permitting. The Town of Cohasset was designated a Green Community by MassDOER in December 2015 and will purchase 100% of the electric power from the solar facility for 20 years. The solar facility will produce power equal to approximately 16% of the Town’s annual electric load, for which the Town will receive net metering credits to offset electric costs on various Town accounts. The Town can hope to net $1.6 million in energy cost savings over 20 years, depending on future rates for net metering credits.121 4.7.3 Erosion/Sedimentation The majority of the coastline is rocky or contains salt marsh, so erosion along the shore is not a major problem. However, erosion and movement of the dunes at Sandy Beach has resulted in issues related to keeping the adjacent roadway clear of sand. There is an order from the Environmental Protection Agency dictating what the Town of Cohasset and the Sandy Beach Association are allowed to undertake with regard to clearing the parking lot and roadway of sand. Sandy Cove represents one of the few accreting beaches.122 Both Straits Pond and Little Harbor experience sedimentation from stormwater run-off. 118 Office of Geographic and Environmental Information, “MassGIS,” Metadata for Solid Waste Facility Datalayer., 17 Feb. 2009 <www.mass.gov/mgis/laylist.htm>. 119 Norfolk RAM Group, “Where Your Drinking Water Comes From,” Cohasset Water Department Consumer Confidence Report Map, 30 Jan. 2008, 17 Feb. 2009 <http://www.cohassetwater.org/pdf/2008CCRMap.pdf>. 120 Personal communication, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee, May 28, 2009 121 Brochure, CohSolar LLC, 13 Elm Street, Suite 200, Cohasset, MA 2018 122 Karen Quigley, Board of Selectmen Liaison to Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee, Town of Cohasset, email correspondence, 27 September 2009. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-36 4.7.4 Chronic Flooding Cohasset has a Flood Control Master Plan. Also refer to Section 4.3.4, Flood Hazard Areas. Areas of chronic flooding identified include:  Rattlesnake Run at Jerusalem Road,  Deep Run & Haystack,  Jerusalem Road near Richardson’s Brook,  North Main near old Edison Plant,  Sohier Street yards,  Sohier Street at Railroad,  Jerusalem Road Causeway  Sanctuary Pond at Outfall Spillway,  Smith Place,  Sandy Beach Road,  The Hollow,  Treats Pond,  Magin Street,  Jacob’s Meadow, and  Stewarts Brook at Sestito Lane. In 2016, Town Meeting approved funding to raise the Jerusalem Road Causeway by two (2) feet to alleviate tidal flooding. The project was completed in 2016. Generally, development/re-development within flood zone is controlled by insurance rates and building code/zoning regulations. Additionally, comprehensive recommendations made by the Flood Control Master Plan may help to reduce losses due to chronic flooding.123 4.7.5 Growth Impacts Between 2010 and 2017, the town had lost forestlands and unprotected open space to residential and commercial development. Refer to Section 3.9 for a discussion of recent development projects undertaken in Cohasset. The number of potential buildable lots in Cohasset has increased due to the expansion of sewer services and changes in private septic technology, as well as advances in the ability to blast areas of bedrock. 4.7.6 Ground & Surface Water Pollution Cohasset maintains spill control equipment to address potential oil releases with potential to affect the water supply, and activities proximate to wetlands and water bodies are subject to the jurisdiction of the Conservation Commission. Several water bodies in Cohasset are presently polluted, including Straits Pond, where fishing is not allowed due to coliform bacteria, and Little Harbor, which no longer contains productive shellfish beds. Stormwater runoff pollutes all water bodies in Cohasset to some degree. The major contributing factor to the Harbor’s pollution problem that causes an inability to sustain shellfish beds is the outflow from the 123 Coughlin Environmental Services, LLC, “Town of Cohasset Flood Control Master Plan,” 2008, 17 Feb. 2009 <www.townofcohasset.org/FloodControlMasterPlan.html>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-2 Gulf River. The properties bordering the Gulf River on all sides in North Scituate and South Cohasset do not have sewer access and have older septic systems that drain into the river. Until the two communities can execute a sewer plan to reduce septic pollution into the Gulf River this condition will continue. One particular area of pollution is the outfall from Jacob’s Meadow into the harbor.124 Although proposed, the boat pump-out station noted in the prior OSRP as being installed at the town pier at Government Island was never constructed. However, Cohasset does maintain a pump-out boat.125 However, Cohasset’s coastal waters have been designated as a “No Discharge Area” for boat sewage. The recent expansion of sewer services will also decrease water pollution, as failing septic systems can result in significant impacts, including bacterial and nutrient contamination, to ground and surface water bodies. Additionally, the Stormwater Management Bylaw will also enhance ground and surface water protection. The Town of Cohasset has installed over 50 rain gardens to address stormwater runoff and to educate the public regarding Low Impact Stormwater Management techniques. Cohasset has approximately 40 rain gardens in the Lily Pond Watershed that were started in 2006 and the plan was to use them as best management practi ces for stormwater management using natural filtration processes to treat stormwater runoff. The program was initially financed in part by a Water Quality grant from EPA. When the project was started, it was assumed it would be maintained by the Water Department, at no cost to homeowners, or the Town of Cohasset (2007 Water Quality Report). Unfortunately, through the years, monies for their maintenance has not been available due to other priorities. An alternate plan for maintenance was to involve students in community service projects, homeowners living nearby, and the local garden clubs. There has been a decided lack of interest from the above entities. A few students worked on the rain gardens under the guidance of a teacher for two summers but that program was discontinued as interest from the schools declined, even though there is one garden at the Middle/High School. In the spring of 2018, the Town will try again to encourage interest in maintaining these rain gardens since there are town residents who are actively involved in the maintenance of the traffic islands. 124 Karen Quigley, Board of Selectmen Liaison to Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee, Town of Cohasset, email correspondence, 27 September 2009. 125 Karen Quigley, Board of Selectmen Liaison to Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee, Town of Cohasset, email correspondence, 27 September 2009. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-3 4.7.6.1 Drinking Water Supply Protection The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) has prepared a Source Water Assessment Program (SWAP) Report for the water supply sources serving the Cohasset Water Department. The SWAP Report notes that the key issues for water supply protection are:  Protection of Zone A  Protecting the watershed outside Cohasset  Public education  Control of residential uses that might contaminate the watershed126 The report commends Cohasset for mapping storm drains, conducting a study on the health of Lily Pond, and taking preliminary steps to develop a lawn care program. The Water Commission plans to address the protection recommendations by implementing all the SWAP recommendations and by implementing a Surface Water Supply Protection Plan that was completed and approved by DEP in 2002. The complete SWAP report is available at the Water Department website.127 The Cohasset Water Department recommends the following steps for protecting drinking water supplies: 1. Inspect your septic system every 1-3 years to make sure it is working properly. Pump out your septic tank as necessary, but at least once every 5 years. 2. Recycle used motor oil by bringing it to the Cohasset Recycling Transfer Facility or to the store where you bought it. NEVER pour used motor oil on the ground or down the drain! 3. Dispose of household hazardous waste properly at the next Household Hazardous Waste Day. NEVER pour hazardous materials down the drain, on the ground, street, or storm drains. Call the Board of Health at 383-4116 or visit www.ssrc.info to find out when the next HHW day is. 4. NEVER dump grass and yard waste into storm drains. Grass clippings and yard waste contain nutrients that can promote weed growth. 5. Reduce the use of fertilizers and herbicides on your lawn. Use only slow - release fertilizers. Have your soil tested to determine how much fertilizer to apply. Water fertilizers in with a hose and do not apply before a rainfall. Visit www.nswra.org for more information. 6. Clean your car at a car wash instead of in your driveway. This will prevent any soaps, polishes, waxes and other chemicals from draining into storm 126 Norfolk RAM Group, “Where Your Drinking Water Comes From,” Cohasset Water Department Consumer Confidence Report Map, 30 Jan. 2008, 17 Feb. 2009 <http://www.cohassetwater.org/pdf/2008CCRMap.pdf>. 127 Cohasset Water Department, “Cohasset Water and Sewer System Improvements,” 30 Jan. 2009 <www.cohassetwater.org>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-4 drains and into the water supply. 7. Use water wisely. Avoid over-watering your lawn. 8. Watch out for any activities that might contaminate the water supply, and report any suspected contamination to the Water Department (383-0057). the Board of Health (383-4116), or the Fire Department (383-0260)128 The Water Department is performing the following tasks to protect drinking water:  Regularly monitor water quality in tap water and in the surface water and groundwater of the watershed.  Keep track of known potential sources of contamination within the watershed and take action to remediate them.  Review all proposed developments in the watershed.  Providing PSAs in water bills to remind people about lawn fertilization and proper disposal of yard waste especially in the Ellms Meadow wellfield.  Maintaining proper signage identifying the Public Drinking Water Supply and care of area.  Periodically having the local paper run feature stories about how the public can assist in the protection of the watershed.  Having all information available on the town website.  Acquire land in the watershed to protect it from development. Propose changes in bylaws and zoning to protect water quality.  Implement the recommendations of the Water Commission's 2002 Surface Water Supply Protection Plan and the Source Water Assessment Program report.129 4.7.7 Impaired Water Bodies The following waters in Cohasset are listed as impaired based upon the Massachusetts Year 2016 Integrated List of Waters:  The Aaron River Reservoir – Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) completed for Mercury in Fish Tissue.  The Aaron River Reservoir requires a TMDL for excess Algal Growth and is listed for Fish Passage barrier and Non-Native Aquatic Plants  Bound Brook requires a TMDL for Turbidity and is listed for the Fish Passage Barrier.  Lily Pond requires a TMDL for Secchi Disk Transparency and is listed for Fish Barrier and Non-Native Aquatic Plants.  Little Harbor has a TMDL completed for pathogens  Herring Brook TMDL no Required is listed for flow alteration and exotic 128 “Where Your Drinking Water Comes From,” Cohasset Water Department Consumer Confidence Report Map, 30 Jan. 2008, 17 Feb. 2009 <http://www.cohassetwater.org/pdf/2008CCRMap.pdf>. 129 “Where Your Drinking Water Comes From,” Cohasset Water Department Consumer Confidence Report Map, 30 Jan. 2008, 17 Feb. 2009 <http://www.cohassetwater.org/pdf/2008CCRMap.pdf>. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-5 species  Cohasset Cove has a TMDL completed for pathogens  Cohasset Harbor has a TMDL completed for pathogens  The Gulf has a TMDL completed for pathogens The Aaron River Reservoir was removed from the Integrated List for mercury. Cohasset Harbor During 2007, the Cohasset Harbor Health Committee continued to work with local, state, and federal environmental agencies to evaluate Cohasset Harbor, identify possible sources of pollution, and recommend solutions. Monitoring and testing is conducted by Coastal Zone Management, Massachusetts Bays National Estuary Program, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Environmental Protection. The EPA once again designated Cohasset Harbor as part of its Clean New England Beach Initiative and conducted targeted testing upstream in tributaries as well as within the Harbor. Ongoing work is being conducted through the implementation of a stormwater plan to reduce high bacterial counts reported in tributaries to Cohasset’s harbors.130,131 A new Harbor Committee formed in 2017 and is undertaking the production of a Municipal Harbor Plan. The Committee has held one open workshop facilitated by MAPC in May of 2018 with a second workshop scheduled for September 2018.132 4.7.8 Invasive Species In Massachusetts, invasive plants are defined as those that are exotic in origin and have the ability to out-compete native vegetation.133 Invasive plant species are a significant threat to biodiversity on land and in bodies of water, and are of increasing concern within the south coastal region. Although both plants and animals can be invasive species, the discussion of invasive species within this report focuses on invasive plant species, as invasive animal species are not likely to be present in sufficient numbers to pose a serious hazard to Cohasset’s natural resources. Generally, invasive plants utilize prolific seed production and/or vegetative expansion with vines or underground runners, and/or may alter the hydrology, fire regime, soil, water chemistry, and topography of natural systems to outcompete native species. Because these species originate from outside Massachusetts, natural competitors are often not present to check the plants’ growth. 130 Town of Cohasset, “2007 Cohasset Town Report,” 2007. 131 Karen Quigley, Board of Selectmen Liaison to Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee, Town of Cohasset, email correspondence, 27 September 2009. 132 Director of Planning, Cohasset 133 Invasive Plants in Massachusetts brochure produced by the Town of Orleans Invasive Species Committee Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-6 Common reed (Phragmites australis), is an example of an extremely invasive perennial grass with low habitat value outcompetes other wetland vegetation, such as cattails, in many disturbed areas. Examples of common reed colonies in Cohasset can be found in every salt marsh in town, including in the meadow behind the Historical Society on South Main Street, on Whitehead Road, 134 and in Treats Pond. Image 4-20: Common Reed Black Swallow Wort is another invasive plant that poses a threat to biodiversity in Cohasset. By outcompeting native plants such as Swamp Milkweed, it has a negative impact on Monarch Butterfly populations that rely on milkweed for food and egg habitat. Additional invasive plant species likely to have significant populations in Cohasset include:  Eurasian Water-Milfoil  Garlic Mustard  Japanese barberry  Japanese knotweed  Oriental bittersweet  Pepperweed  Purple loosestrife  Winged Euonymus 134 Invasive Plants in Massachusetts brochure produced by the Town of Orleans Invasive Species Committee 134 Open Space & Recreation Committee, Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan 2010-2017. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-7 While invasive plant species most commonly spread via seed production and/or vines or underground runners, some species continue to be spread through Cohasset by human activity. The dumping of lawn cuttings onto undeveloped land is responsible for the introduction of Japanese knotweed into ecologically sensitive areas. Further, the composting of invasive species at the Municipal Transfer Station has led to the presence of Garlic Mustard in nearly every roadside, wooded area, and conservation area in town. Invasive plant species are present on various town-owned parcels, and invasive aquatic plant species are present in Cohasset’s bodies of water. Identification of existing populations and management actions to remove or control their populations through a public/private effort would be beneficial, and indeed, such an effort, focused on the eradication of Garlic Mustard, has been undertaken by local environmental group Wild Cohasset. The group alerts homeowners to the plant on their properties and advises about safe removal. Its volunteer weeders target conservation land and spaces abutting undeveloped land and host an annual weed-pulling event in May. For public education, the group has produced signage warning about the dangers of composting the plant at Cohasset’s Transfer Station. In an effort to combat invasive plant species, in 2006 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts implemented a ban on the sale and importation of over 140 invasive plants, including:  Aeginitia  African boxthorn  African couch grass  African feathergrass  Alectra  Alfombrilla  Ambulia  Amur cork-tree  Amur honeysuckle  Anchored water hyacinth  Animated oat  Argentine screwbean  Arrowhead  Asian sprangletop  Autumn olive  Bell’s honeysuckle  Benghal dayflower  Bishop’s weed/goutweed  Black locust  Black swallow wort/Louise’s swallow wort  Border privet  Borreria  Brazilian satintail  Ancharis/Brazilian waterweed/Brazilian elodea  Brittle water-nymph, lesser naiad  Broad-leafed Pepperweed/Tall Pepperweed  Broomrape  Brownbeard rice/Winged euonymus  Bushy rock-cress/narrowleaf bittercress  Cape tulip  Carolina Farwort/fanwort  Catclaw mimosa  Cattail grass/ yellow foxtail  Caulerpa  Chinese waterspinach * allowed with permit Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-2  Coat buttons  Colt’s foot  Common barberry/European barberry  Common buckthorn  Common crupina  Common reed  Creeping buttercup  Creeping Jenny/moneywort  Crisped pondweed/curly pondweed  Crofton weed  Cypress spurge  Dames Rocket  Devil’s thorn  Dodder  Duck lettuce  Eurasian or European water- milfoil/Spike water-milfoil  European buckthorn/glossy buckthorn  Exotic Bur-reed  Flowering rush  Forget-me-not  Garlic mustard  Giant false sensitive plant/false sensitive plant  Giant hogweed  Giant salvina/eared watermoss  Kariba-weed  Goatsrue  Gray willow/rusty willow  Hair rescue/fineleaf sheep fescue  Hairy joint grass; jointhead; small carpetgrass  Horned poppy/sea poppy/yellow hornpoppy  Hydrilla/water-thyme/Florida elodea  Itchgrass  Japanese barberry  Japanese knotweed  Japanese sedge/Asiatic sand sedge  Japanese stillgrass/Nepalese browntop  Jointed prickly pear  Kiawe  Kikuyugrass  Kodo-millet  Kudzu/Japanese arrowroot  Kyasuma grass  Large gray willow  Leafy spruge/wolf’s milk  Lesser celandine/fig buttercup  Liverseed grass  Longstamen rice/red rice  Malabar melastome  Melaleuca  Mile-a-minute vine or weed/Asiatic tearthumb  Bittervine  Heartleaf hempvine  Miramar weed  Missiongrass  Monochoria  Morrow’s honeysuckle  Mosquito fern  Multiflora rose  Murrain grass  Norway maple  Onion weed  Oriental or Asian bittersweet  Oxygen weed  Pale swallow wort  Parrot feather/water feather/Brazilian water milfoil  Pickerel weed  Pipiliula  Plume grass/amur silvergrass  Porcelain berry/amur peppervine  Purple loosestrife Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-3  Red rice  Reed canary grass/ribbon grass  Serrated tussock  Sessile joyweed  Spotted knapweed  Sycamore maple  Tall mannagrass/reed mannagrass  Tansy ragwort/stinking willie  Tatarian honeysuckle  Three cornered jack  Tomillo  Tree of heaven  Tropical soda apple  Turkeyberry  Variable water milfoil/two leaved water milfoil  Velvet fingergrass  Velvet mesquite  Water yellowcress/great yellowcress  Water chestnut  Wetland nightshade  Wild blackberry  Wild chervil  Wild safflower/jeweled distaff thistle  Wild sugarcane  Wineberry/Japanese wineberry; wine raspberry  Witchweed  Wormleaf salsola  Yellow floating heart  Yellow iris Due to their insidious and aggressive nature, the spread of invasive species is often extremely difficult to control, and complete eradication of existing populations can be nearly impossible. The sooner that action is taken against invasive species (preferably prior to the establishment of a large population), the greater the likelihood of success. Eradication options are species-specific, but often entail control measures such as mowing, burning, covering with black plastic and excavation. A last resort is the limited and carefully timed use of herbicides (such as the injection method for Japanese Knotweed). Image 4-21: View of common reed infestation in Treats Pond, photograph taken March 31, 2009 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Environmental Inventory & Analysis 4-2 4.7.9 Forestry Cohasset is not facing forestry issues per se. However, as discussed in more detail throughout this report, the train corridor has bisected previously contiguous tracts of forest, and development pressure has also reduced the amount of contiguous forested land in Cohasset. 4.7.10 Environmental Equity There appears to be equitable access to Cohasset’s open space and recreational resources, including geological features, varied topography, vegetation communities, wetlands, and cultural landscapes. This is achieved through public parks and land directly owned by the Town of Cohasset, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and land owned and managed by the Trustees of Reservations and other land trusts that permit public access. However, direct access to coastal Environmental resources appears to be underdeveloped due to private ownership on the Town’s waterfront and coastal waters. Section 5.0 Inventory of Lands of Conservation & Recreational Interest Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Inventory of Lands of Conservation & Recreational Interest 5-1 5.0 INVENTORY OF LANDS OF CONSERVATION & RECREATIONAL INTEREST Open space generally refers to an unbuilt or undeveloped area (without buildings or highways) that holds significant value either for conservation or recreation. The term “open space” can refer to a wide range of land uses, such as farmland, playing fields, parks, cemeteries, and forested area. See Table 5.1 is a listing of open space and recreation resources located in the Town of Cohasset. Open space and recreation resources are illustrated on Map 7. Also, refer to Appendix F for the results of the ADA accessibility study for municipally owned conservation and recreation facilities. Open Space for the purpose of the 2018 update is defined as both protected/unprotected and public/private undeveloped and recreational areas. In Cohasset, town owned open space is either conservation land, municipal land, or public school land. Government and institutional non-conservation land also contributes to the Town's open space and recreational resources, but are not protected as such because their use can easily change. Most contain buildings, but the buildings are generally surrounded by large amounts of open space and fields. This land is important because it draws visitors for activit ies that are compatible with conservation and recreation use. The following section details specifically where open space resources and recreational amenities are located in the Town of Cohasset. Open space in a community is valuable for several reasons. Land is a finite resource; preserving and maintaining open space area helps define community character and provides habitat areas and corridors for wildlife and plants. In addition, particularly in the Town of Cohasset, open space protects drinking water supplies. Open space data was obtained from MassGIS, the Cohasset Assessors Department (non- taxable lands), and Norfolk Ram, which is working with the Town of Cohasset Water Department regarding conservation restrictions on land surrounding drinking water supplies. The open space and recreation inventory column headings include: Assessors Map-Parcel: Indicates the Assessor’s reference for the parcel. Common Name: Typical name used when referencing the property, if available. Location: Indicates the address, if available, or other locational reference. Acres: Total number of acres or a close approximation. One acre equals 43,560 square feet. Owner: Name of the property owner. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Inventory of Lands of Conservation & Recreational Interest 5-2 Management: Entity responsible for managing the property. Zoning: Zoning Districts based upon “Town of Cohasset Massachusetts Zoning District Map” dated March 2002. Level of Protection: Notes whether the site, if by virtue of zoning, or by the receipt of state or federal funding, is protected from sale and development. MassGIS notes the following characteristics about level of protection: Permanent (In Perpetuity) – Legally protected in perpetuity and recorded in a property’s deed. Public land is typically in perpetuity if it is owned by the Conservation Commission, if there is a conservation restriction on the property, if it is owned by a State conservation agency, if it is owned by a non-profit land trust or if state or federal monies were used to purchase or improve the property. Private land is in perpetuity if it has a deed restriction in perpetuity, if there is an agricultural preservation restriction, or if there is a conservation restriction on the property. Temporary – Legally protected for less than perpetuity (short-term conservation restriction) or temporarily protected through a functional use. Example: water district lands are only temporarily protected while water resource protection is their primary use. Limited – Protected by legal mechanisms other than those listed above. Land might be protected by a requirement of a majority municipal vote for change in status or Chapter 61 land. Unknown – Should be researched through the property deed to see if any protection level is listed. For the purposes of the updated Cohasset OSRP, the levels of protection defined above have been used. Public Access: Notes whether or not the site is open to public use. Public Access Point: Notes where the public may access the site. Condition: Details in what kind of condition the site or facility is. Recreation Potential: Indicates whether recreational opportunities exist at the site or facility, and if so, the type of recreational use. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Inventory of Lands of Conservation & Recreational Interest 5-3 5.1 Types of Open Space and Recreation Land Protection Conservation lands may be permanently protected through fee-simple ownership or through a conservation restriction (CR). Conservation and other public and private lands may be further restricted under an agricultural preservation restriction (APR), to preserve farmland use in perpetuity. Temporary protection may be through current use programs (Ch. 61, Ch. 61A, and Ch. 61B). These types of programs/tools illustrating the different ways open space is protected in Cohasset are described further below as well as tools that could be used in the future. Article 97 Protection: Article 97 protects publicly owned lands used for conservation or recreation purposes. In order for a property to be sold, transferred or converted to a different use, Article 97 requires a vote of the Town (Conservation Commission, Parks Department, or other, whichever is appropriate) in which the land use would be changed, a 2/3 vote at Town Meeting or City Council in support of the disposition, a 2/3 vote of the legislature in support of the disposition, and compliance with applicable funding sources must be demonstrated. The municipality must also file an Environmental Notification Form with the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act office. Conservation Restriction: A Conservation Restriction or CR is a legally binding agreement between a landowner and a public agency (usually a land trust or a town’s conservation commission) where the landowner agrees to keep the land undeveloped by placing permanent limitations on development and on certain uses of the property. Public access may be permitted but is not required. CRs are permitted under the Conservation Restrictions Act (M.G.L. Ch. 184) and must be approved by the Secretary of Environmental Affairs. Conservation restrictions have a number of advantages: (1) they cost less than a fee simple acquisition, (2) the owner still pays real estate taxes (although at a lower rate) and (3) the owner continues to maintain the land. Stewardship of CRs requires periodic property monitoring to ensure the agreements are being upheld. There are 12 Conservation Restrictions in Cohasset, which have been signed by the state and recorded at the Registry of Deeds covering over 200 acres. Four (4) conservation restrictions are held by the Trustees of Reservations, four (4) by the Town of Cohasset, three (3) by the Cohasset Conservation Trust, and one (1) by the Maxwell Trust. Easements: An easement is typically listed on a property deed and it allows permanent access to a property for a specific purpose. It is a right of use, not a right of possession. Chapter 61: Chapter 61 encourages preservation of agricultural, recreation and forestland in Massachusetts. Landowners can ensure the long-term protection of their property by receiving a tax benefit if they agree to the terms of Chapter 61. If an owner wants to take property out of Chapter 61 designation, the Town can recover the tax benefits given and it also has the right of first refusal to purchase the property if the land is sold for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Inventory of Lands of Conservation & Recreational Interest 5-4 As of October 2017, the Town has 12 properties under Chapter 61 designation, concentrated in 4 areas: the Cohasset Golf Club, the Holly Hill Farm property, a property off King Street, and properties on Whitehead Road near the harbor. Transfer of Development Rights: Although not itself a form of protection, Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) can be used in conjunction with the protection programs described above to ensure that appropriate and meaningful open space is preserved in conjunction with development. The Massachusetts Smart Growth/Smart Energy Tool Kit very simple defines the concept of Transfer of Development Rights as follows: Transfer of Development Rights (TDR): A system that assigns development rights to parcels of land and gives landowners the option of using those rights to develop or to sell their land. TDRs are used to promote conservation and protection of land by giving landowners the right to transfer the development rights of one parcel that may be suitable for conservation purposes to another parcel that may be more appropriate for development. By selling development rights, a landowner concedes the right to develop his/her property, but the buyer could use the rights to develop another piece of land at a greater intensity than would otherwise be permitted. Prior to implementing TDR in Cohasset, additional information and analysis would be required. For example, an evaluation of the amount of land area that is available for protection as “sending parcels,” an assessment of the general acceptability in the town to increase density in other areas, as well as a determination of the capacity of the town to administer the technique, would be required. While an increasing number of towns in Massachusetts have adopted the technique, it may not be appropriate for all. 5.2 Open Space Inventory The Cohasset Conservation Trust, a nonprofit land conservation trust, has protected over 212 acres in Cohasset, Scituate, and Hull. The Trust has acquired 23 properties (approximately 164 acres) and three (3) conservation restrictions (48 acres). The conservation restrictions held by CCT are on Supper Island, Barnes Wildlife Sanctuary, and a portion of Ingram Park. The properties are Adams Property, Andrus Island, Bassing Beach, Blake Holmes Property, Breadencheese Conservation Area, Campbell Meadow, Churchill Conservation Area, Great Brewster and Dean's Meadow, Dormitzer Salt Marsh, Francis Shore, Giuggio Overlook, Golden Reservation, Ingram Park, James Island, Pegram Preserve, Pelletier Conservation Area, Remick Salt Marsh, Scott's Shore, Sumner Smith Overlook, Wheelwright Highlands, Williams Salt Marsh, and Winsor Shores. These sites provide wildlife habitat and passive recreation (Map 7). Cohasset has several town conservation properties permanently protected, which include, but are not limited to: Wheelwright Park, Brass Kettle Brook, and part of Whitney/Thayer Woods. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Inventory of Lands of Conservation & Recreational Interest 5-5 Cohasset needs to develop a list of Land of Conservation Interest and develop a list of criteria or a ranking system to assist in identifying priority parcels. This criteria or factors that enhance Land of Conservation Interest should be vetted by the Open Space Committee and the community. They will serve as a guide for reviewing a property’s suitability for protection, but neither ensure nor limit the decision to conserve a property. Boards, organizations, and individuals should retain discretion over the acquisition process and may choose to deviate from these guidelines on careful review of a specific proposal. Cohasset could develop a general guide, which includes the following factors that enhance Land of Conservation Interest:  Enhances existing or proposed public and private holdings  Links significant public or private open space/natural areas  Preserves or buffers natural areas containing: o species of unusual merit or special concern o representative local plant and animal communities o wildlife habitat, wetlands, streams, or water supply o migration corridors o screening to adjacent development  Contains historical, geological, or archeological features  Protects scenic vistas or view corridors  Permits existing agricultural practices to continue on land that would otherwise succumb to development pressures  Provides access to, or is a contiguous area for recreation  Offers educational opportunities to the public  Provides access or opportunities to people with disabilities  Does not adversely affect the organization’s financial and land management capabilities Factors that detract from the value of land of conservation interest:  Few conservation/natural resource values remain intact on the property  Presence of noxious weeds, hazardous materials, or contaminants requiring control  Small size and conflicting adjacent land use  Development of adjacent properties would diminish existing conservation values  Difficult enforcement or management issues including: o dangers from land forms o difficult access to land o multiple ownership tangles o restrictive deed provisions o potentially burdensome maintenance issues  Ethical or public image problems for the grantor if the property is accepted. In addition, land-use boards including the Conservation Commission, Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Inventory of Lands of Conservation & Recreational Interest 5-6 Planning Board, Zoning Board of Appeals, Board of Health, and the Historical Commission need to maintain vigilance and communication in administering the Town New Assessors Map- ParcelCommon Name Location Acres OwnerMangement (if different from Owner)ZoningLevel of ProtectionPublic AccessPublic Access PointCondition Recreation PotentialD11-55-090 Church Grounds 51 Church St 0.55 Beechwood Congregational Church RA Unknown NoneC4-13-008Arthur Lehr Campgrounds/Wheelwright ParkForest Av 6.00 Cohasset Boy Scouts/Troup 28 RC None YesNorth Main Street or Forest AvenueGood Walking TrailE4-19-020 Central Cemetery Cohasset 3.70Cohasset Central Cemetery/Eleanor Tower CampbellTrustees of CemeteriesRB Limited Yes Joy Place Good Kayak LaunchB3-07-002 Forest Av West 32.40 Cohasset Conservation Trust RCB5-05-003 Albert Golden Memorial Swamp North Main St 4.29 Cohasset Conservation Trust LI Perpetuity Limited NoneC1-10-114 Francis Shore/Rocky Beach Jerusalem Rd 0.30 Cohasset Conservation Trust RB Perpetuity Yes Rocky Beach Swimming/Kayak/ScubaC3-07-043 Fox Run Driveway 170 Forest Av 1.67 Cohasset Conservation Trust RBD4-19-036 Giuggio Overlook 45 Jerusalem Rd 0.61 Cohasset Conservation Trust RB Perpetuity No Jerusalem Road Good OverlookD4-19-040Remick Salt Marsh Conservation AreaJerusalem Rd 1.87 Cohasset Conservation Trust RC/RB PerpetuityD7-52-004 Campbell Meadow Pond St/ C J C Way 3.70 Cohasset Conservation Trust RB Perpetuity Limited NoneD9-50-062 327 Beechwood St 4.51 Cohasset Conservation TrustD9-54-009Barbara Churchill Conservation AreaBound Brook Ln 5.05 Cohasset Conservation Trust RB Perpetuity Limited Kayak/CanoeD9-59-014 Andrus Island Andrus Island 3.02 Cohasset Conservation Trust RB Perpetuity NoE2-22-015 Scott's Shore 429 Atlantic Av 2.38 Cohasset Conservation Trust RC Perpetuity Good Needs Deed ResearchE2-22-016 Scott's Shore Atlantic Av 0.62 Cohasset Conservation Trust RC CausewayE3-24-001AWilliams Salt Marsh Conservation AreaAtlantic Av 4.25 Cohasset Conservation Trust RC PerpetuityE4-28-041 Sumner Smith Property Beach St 0.95 Cohasset Conservation Trust RC Perpetuity No Beach Street GoodE8-52-008A Adams Property C J Cushing Hwy 5.00 Cohasset Conservation Trust RB Perpetuity No No F4-27-081 Great Brewster Park Great Brewster Rd 18.16 Cohasset Conservation Trust RB Perpetuity YesParking at Town HallGood WalkingF4-28-034 Dean Meadows Atlantic Av West 7.73 Cohasset Conservation Trust RC Perpetuity YesParking at Town HallGood Walking TrailF4-29-034 Blake Holmes Property Atlantic Av 2.58 Cohasset Conservation Trust RC Perpetuity NoBlake Holmes PropertyF6-32-043 Pelletier Park Sankey Road 2.00 Cohasset Conservation Trust Perpetuity Yes Trail to overlookF8-35-025 Pegram Preserve 346 South Main St 14.75 Cohasset Conservation Trust RB Perpetuity Water Only GoodF8-46-001 George Ingram ParkBeechwood St/Norman Todd Rd20.00 Cohasset Conservation Trust RC Perpetuity YesParking off Norman ToddGood WalkingG7-35-029 Dormitzer Marsh River Rd 4.70 Cohasset Conservation Trust RB Perpetuity No Good NoneB4-04-021 Cohasset Golf Course 175 Cedar St 50.14 Cohasset Golf Club RC None LimitedB3-03-001 Cohasset Golf Course Lamberts Lane 181.30 Cohasset Golf Course None Winter Winter RecreationG6-37-022 Marina 37 Parker Av 2.60 Cohasset Harbor Marine Inc RB/LI None LimitedF8-46-004 Ingram Park Beechwood St 5.00 Cohasset Land Foundation Perpetuity YesOpen Space Abutting George M. Ingram ParkPossible Recreation2018 Open Space And Recreation InventoryPage 1 of 6 New Assessors Map- ParcelCommon Name Location Acres OwnerMangement (if different from Owner)ZoningLevel of ProtectionPublic AccessPublic Access PointCondition Recreation Potential2018 Open Space And Recreation InventoryD5-15-003 Swim Center 89 Sohier St 3.80Cohasset Swimming & Recreation Trust/Corbett Paul TreasurerRB Limited Yes, Parking Sohier Street Good Swimming B2-02-100X Green Gate Cemetery 754 Jerusalem Rd 0.59 Cohasset Town of RBB4-04-033X Cedar Street Cemetery 215 Cedar St 0.28 Cohasset Town of RCC8-65-008 Pape Reservation King Street 5.50 Cohasset Town of HB Unknown Yes Good HikingC8-65-009 Pape Reservation 301 R King St 6.00 Cohasset Town of UnknownC8-65-010 Pape Reservation King Street 6.80 Cohasset Town of RC Unknown Yes Good HikingD3-15-100 Wheelwright Park North Main St 80.40 Cohasset Town of DPW RA Limited Yes, ParkingNorth Main and Forest AvenueGood Walking/Winter SportsD8-65-001 Whitney Woods King Street 9.10 Cohasset Town of RC LimitedD8-65-006B Pape Reservation King Street 4.01 Cohasset Town of RC Unknown Yes Good HikingE10-53-056 Mill Lane Parcal Mill Ln 0.33 Cohasset Town of RB None Yes Mill Lane Poor Potential E5-18-002 Rec Center 25 Parkingway 1.05 Cohasset Town of DB None Yes Town Parking Lot Good Rec CenterE5-18-033 Paul Pratt Library 35 Ripley Rd 3.71 Cohasset Town ofSchool/DPW/ RecreationRA Limited Yes, Parking Sohier Street Good Playground/courtE6-38-001 Milliken Field Woods Reservoir Rd 6.65 Cohasset Town of RB None Yes NoneE9-50-024 Pine Ridge Road Parcel Pine Ridge Rd 0.62 Cohasset Town of HB None Yes Pine Ridge Road Possible PlaygroundF5-32-021 Veterans Park Border Street 0.34 Cohasset Town of MF None Yes Passive ViewingF6-37-010 Government Island Cohasset Harbor 9.13 Cohasset Town of Town Limited Yes, Parking Parker Avenue Good Water/Winter/OverlookF7-34-052 Windsor Rd 0.55 Cohasset Town of RBB5-74-022 Stump Dump C J Cushing Hwy 2.18 Cohasset Town of DPW None NoE7-41-001 Middle/High School 143 Pond St 18.00Cohasset Town of CMHS/Cohasset Middle High SchoolSchool/DPW RB Perpetuity Yes, Parking Pond Street Good School/BallFieldsA2-01-054 Old Fire Station - Vacant 245 Hull St 0.25 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen DPW DB Unknown Yes Hull Street Good Access to Straits PondA5-75-001 Turkey Hill Turkey Hill Rd 14.73 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Perpetuity Yes, Parking Turkey Hill/GoodA5-75-003 Turkey Hill Turkey Hill Rd 4.25 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Perpetuity Yes, Parking Turkey Hill/GoodB1-09-039 Straights Pond Shore Jerusalem Rd 3.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB None Yes Fishing/LaunchB1-09-040 Straights Pond Shore Jerusalem Rd 3.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Unknown Fishing/LaunchB4-05-048 Recycling Transfer Facility 81 91 Cedar St 19.35 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen DPW RC Unknown YesRecylcing & Transfer FacilityGood Possible RecreationB4-06-003 Great Swamp Rear Forest Av 13.53 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen DPW RB Perpetuity No B4-06-025B Great Swamp Cohasset 10.93 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Perpetuity No Wildlife HabitatB5-74-001X Woodside Cemetery C J Cushing Hwy 4.47 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC UnknownB5-74-001Y Woodside Cemetery Rear North Main St 0.11 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC UnknownB5-74-001Z Woodside Cemetery N Main St/C J Cush 20.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen DPW RC Limited Yes B8-67-002 Watershed Property Howes Rd 2.55 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC UnknownC1-09-024 Black Rock Beach 387 Forest Av 0.29 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Limited Yes Wadliegh Park Good Water Access/BeachC1-09-026 Drainage Jerusalem Rd 0.77 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB None NoneC11-56-048 Watershed Property Beechwood St 0.90 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RA Unknown Yes Beechwood StreetC11-56-049 Watershed Property Beechwood Street 0.02 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Unknown Yes Beechwood StreetC11-56-050 Watershed Property Beechwood St 0.13 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Unknown Yes Beechwood StreetC11-56-052 Wolf Pit Beechwood St 6.72 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Unknown Yes Beechwood StreetPage 2 of 6 New Assessors Map- ParcelCommon Name Location Acres OwnerMangement (if different from Owner)ZoningLevel of ProtectionPublic AccessPublic Access PointCondition Recreation Potential2018 Open Space And Recreation InventoryC11-56-052A Watershed Property Beechwood St 1.50 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RA Unknown Yes Beechwood StreetC12-57-012 Watershed Property Aaron River Road 3.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Unknown Limited C12-57-013 Watershed Property Aaron River Road 6.30 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen Unknown C12-57-014 Watershed Property Aaron River Road 7.20 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen Unknown C12-57-015 Watershed Property Aaron River Road 5.30 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Unknown C12-57-016 Watershed Property Aaron River Road 0.60 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Unknown C2-01S-103 Black Rock Estates Black Rock Rd 0.42 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownC2-01S-107 Black Rock Estates Black Rock Rd 0.23 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownC2-01S-109 Black Rock Estates Rear Black Rock Rd 0.21 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownC2-11-082 Land Locked - Remove Forest Av 0.38 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownC4-13-001 Barnes Wildlife Area Rear Forest Av 32.13 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen Perpetuity Yes Wheelwright Park Good WalkingC4-13-019 Land Locked 25 Heater Dr 0.84 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownC6-70-001X Wetlands King Street 4.86 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen HB UnknownC7-65-018 Watershed Property King Street 9.80 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC UnknownC7-72-003 Watershed Property Tippling RK Howes 5.75 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC UnknownC8-65-019 Watershed Property Rear King St 3.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC UnknownD10-54-019 Watershed Property Beechwood St 4.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownD10-54-026 Watershed Property Beechwood St 1.49 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownD10-56-012 Watershed Property Beechwood St 0.50 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen Unknown Yes Doane StreetD10-56-015 Watershed Property Doane St 2.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen Unknown Yes Doane StreetD11-55-009 Beechwood Cemetery Beechwood/Doane Sts 4.40 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen DPW RA Limited Yes Beechwood Street GoodD11-55-030 Beechwood Ballpark Beechwood/Doane Sts 3.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen DPW RA Limited Yes Beechwood Street Good Ballpark/PlaygroundD11-55-036 Beechwood Common Church & Doane St 0.50 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RA Unknown Yes Doane and Church Good Open SpaceD4-19-042 Joy Place Marsh Cohasset 6.31 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Limited Yes Joy Place Good Views/WildlifeD5-15-001 Sohier St 3.59 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RBD5-15-002 Future Senior Center Location Rear Sohier St 4.06 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Unknown YesSwim Center Parkign LotFuture Senior CenterD5-15-013 Little League Fields 169-185 North Main St 8.85 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB None Yes North Main Street Good BallfieldsD5-39-088 Rear Sohier St 9.46 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RA UnknownD5-40-024 Little League Field Rear North Main St 0.48 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Limited YesD6-39-067 Rear Old Pasture Rd 14.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RA Unknown YesSmith Place/Pleasant StreetUnknownD6-40-002 Osgood School Sohier St 23.17 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen DB Unknown Yes Sohier Street Good School/PlaygroundD6-42-025 Deer Hill Woodlands 210 Sohier St 14.88 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen DPW DB None Yes Deer Hill FieldsD6-42-041 Peppermint Brook Property C J Cushing Hwy 8.72 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Perpetuity Yes Cook Estate Good NoD7-41-070 RT 3a Corrider C J Cushing Hwy 0.42 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Unknown None CJC HighwayD7-41-073 RT 3a Corrider C J Cushing Hwy 0.39 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Unknown NoneD7-41-074 RT 3a Corrider C J Cushing Hwy 0.36 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownD7-41-075 RT 3a Corrider C J Cushing Hwy 0.38 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownD7-41-076 RT 3a Corrider C J Cushing Hwy 0.38 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownD7-41-077 RT 3a Corrider C J Cushing Hwy 0.40 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB UnknownPage 3 of 6 New Assessors Map- ParcelCommon Name Location Acres OwnerMangement (if different from Owner)ZoningLevel of ProtectionPublic AccessPublic Access PointCondition Recreation Potential2018 Open Space And Recreation InventoryD7-42-040 Peppermint Brook Property C J Cushing Hwy 1.08 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Perpetuity Yes CJC Highway Good NoD8-41-001X King St 0.63 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RCD8-59-001 Watershed Property King St 1.40 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC PerpetuityLily Pond WatershedD8-60-001 Watershed Property 339 King St 5.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Perpetuity WatershedD8-60-002 Watershed Property King St 2.45 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Perpetuity WatershedD8-60-003 Watershed Property King St 3.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Perpetuity WatershedD8-65-002 Whitney Woods King Street 5.20 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Limited WatershedD9-54-027 Watershed Property Cohasset 19.02 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC UnknownBeechwood WatershedD9-59-013 Watershed Property King St 2.50 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Unknown WatershedD9-60-007 Watershed Property Rear King St 2.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Unknown WatershedD9-60-011 Watershed Property King St 5.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownE4-19-035 Giuggio Overlook Jerusalem Rd 0.64 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Limited Limited Jerusalem Road Good OverlookE4-28-042 Beach St 0.68 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen Unknown Yes Beach Street Good WalkingE4-28-042A Beach St 0.81 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Unknown Yes Beach Street Good WalkingE5-15-052 North Main St 0.10 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RBE5-18-076 Constitution Park Ripley Road 0.39 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen Unknown Yes, Parking Ripley Road Good Passive RecreationE5-27-001X World War I Memorial 10 North Main St 0.14 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Limited YesE5-27-001Y Town Common 20 North Main St 0.89 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Limited YesE5-27-089 Town Hall 41 Highland Av 1.31 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Unknown Yes Highland Avenue Good AuditoriumE6-38-001X Spring Street Marsh Spring Street 2.03 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RA Unknown Yes Spring Street E6-38-002 Milliken-Bancroft Field Bancroft Wy 1.17 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RBE6-38-003 Milliken Field Bancroft Rd 9.38 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen DPW/Recreation RA Limited Yes, Parking Bancroft Road Good Ballfields/Tennis CourtsE6-38-142X Eleazers Ln 0.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RAE6-48-001X Pond St at Spring St 0.12 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RBE6-48-017 Woodland 100 Pond Street 2.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Unknown NoE7-38-004 Milliken-Bancroft Field Briarwood Ln 2.49 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Limited LimitedE7-38-011A Briarwood Ln 0.70 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RBE7-38-014 Cohasset Middle-High School Briarwood Ln 0.63 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RBE9-50-035 Beechwood St 0.13 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RBF5-30-020 Margin Street Dock Margin St 0.21 Cohasset Town of/Board of SelectmenHarbor DepartmentMF Limited Yes Margin Street Good BoatingF5-32-020 Lawrence Wharf 32 Border St 0.19 Cohasset Town of/Board of SelectmenHarbor DepartmentWB Limited Yes Border Street Good BoatingF6-32-046 Jacobs Meadow Sankey Road 2.80 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RA UnknownF8-47-010 Locust Road Pond Beechwood/Locust Sts 0.39 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RB Unknown Yes Beechwood Street Good Seasonal SkatingG6-37-011 Parker Avenue Ramp 40 Parker Av 2.00 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen RC Limited Yes Parker Avenue Good BoatingX1-61-002 Whitney Woods Beechwood St 2.50 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-002 Turkey Hill Doane St 0.50 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-003 Turkey Hill Doane St 3.80 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-004 Turkey Hill Doane St 6.60 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-005 Turkey Hill Doane St 3.25 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-006 Turkey Hill Doane St 2.25 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-015 Turkey Hill Doane St 3.54 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownPage 4 of 6 New Assessors Map- ParcelCommon Name Location Acres OwnerMangement (if different from Owner)ZoningLevel of ProtectionPublic AccessPublic Access PointCondition Recreation Potential2018 Open Space And Recreation InventoryX1-85-016 Turkey Hill King St 0.75 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-017 Turkey Hill King St 2.75 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-020 Turkey Hill Rear Doane St 1.50 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-021 Turkey Hill King St West 0.29 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-035 Turkey Hill King St 16.74 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-036 Turkey Hill King St 0.72 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-037 Turkey Hill King St 5.20 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-038 Turkey Hill King St 6.78 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownX1-85-047 Turkey Hill Rear Boulder Ln 1.99 Cohasset Town of/Board of Selectmen UnknownD5-40-022 James Brook Woods Rear Sohier St 26.50 Cohasset Town of/Conservation Commission RB Unknown No Sanctuary PondD6-42-026 Deer Hill School 208 Sohier St 15.41 Cohasset Town of/Deer Hill School School/DPW RB Unknown Yes, Parking Sohier Street Good School/PlaygroundE6-38-150 Elms Meadow 22 James Ln 11.10 Cohasset Town of/Elms Meadow Water/Recreation Limited Yes Cushing Street Good Skating - WinterC11-55-150Aaron River Reservoir/Watershed1 Aaron River Rd 22.00 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RC Unknown Yes Aaron River Road Good Fishing/WalkingC7-72-001 Watershed Property King Street 5.50 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RC UnknownC7-72-002 Watershed Property King Street 3.00 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RC UnknownC8-60-012 Watershed Property King Street 2.50 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission UnknownC8-65-007 Pape Reservation King Street 2.15 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RB PerpetuityC8-65-035 Access Road Old Road 2.00 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission UnknownC8-66-004 Brass Kettle Brook King Street 3.50 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RC Perpetuity Yes King St Good HikingC8-66-005 Brass Kettle Brook King Street 4.50 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RC Unknown Yes King St Good HikingC8-66-006 Brass Kettle Brook King Street 9.30 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RC Limited Yes King St Good HikingC8-66-007 Brass Kettle Brook King Street 20.43 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission HB Perpetuity Yes King St Good HikingD10-54-024 Watershed Property Beechwood St 1.00 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RB UnknownD10-54-025 Watershed Property Beechwood St 5.50 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission UnknownD10-54-033 Watershed Property 40 Riverview Dr 0.74 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission Unknown Yes Riverview RoadD10-54-100 Watershed Property 345 Beechwood St 0.15 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission Unknown Yes Beechwood Street Good Fishing/LaunchD10-56-014 Watershed Property Doane St 1.00 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission Unknown Yes Doane StreetD10-56-016 Watershed Property Doane St 1.90 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission Unknown Yes Doane StreetD10-56-016A Watershed Property Doane St 4.00 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission Unknown Yes Doane StreetD12-55-052 Easement Church St 1.81 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission Unknown EasementD9-59-011 Watershed Property King St 3.50 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RC UnknownD9-59-012 Watershed Property King St 5.50 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission RC UnknownX1-85-018 Turkey Hill Doane St 0.81 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission UnknownX1-85-019 Turkey Hill Doane St 1.50 Cohasset Town of/Water Commission UnknownF5-30-015 Yacht Club Gleason Road 0.16 Cohasset Yacht Club Unknown Yes Gleason Road Good BoatingC3-12-001 Richardson White 69.50 Jerusalem Road Trust Perpetuity Yes Wheelwright Park Good WalkingD2-17-053 Holly Hill Farm Jerusalem Rd 22.40 Jerusalem Road Trust Perpetuity Poor MarshD3-11-099 Richardson White 10.70 Jerusalem Road Trust Perpetuity Yes Wheelwright Park Good WalkingD3-16-047 Holly Hill Farm Jerusalem Rd 9.70 Jerusalem Road Trust Perpetuity Yes Jerusalem Road Good WalkingA6-74-020 Turkey Hill C J Cushing Hwy 26.60 Massachusetts Commonwealth ofDivision of Conservation and RecreationUnknownPage 5 of 6 New Assessors Map- ParcelCommon Name Location Acres OwnerMangement (if different from Owner)ZoningLevel of ProtectionPublic AccessPublic Access PointCondition Recreation Potential2018 Open Space And Recreation InventoryB10-01X-01X Wompatuk State Park Wompatuck Pk 861.00 Massachusetts Commonwealth ofDivision of Conservation and RecreationOS Perpetuity Yes, ParkingDoane and BeechwoodGood Camping and HikingB7-01X-001Y Wompatuk State Park Wompatuck Pk 190.00 Massachusetts Commonwealth ofDivision of Conservation and RecreationPerpetuity Yes, ParkingDoane and BeechwoodGood Camping and HikingC6-72-008 State Property Cohasset 2.09 Massachusetts Commonwealth of NT UnknownC6-73-003 State Property Cohasset 2.73 Massachusetts Commonwealth of RC UnknownC6-73-004 State Property 30 Crocker Ln 9.37 Massachusetts Commonwealth of NT UnknownE10-53-074 Vinal Pasture Conservation Area Beechwood St 2.31 Maxwell Land Trust LTD RB PerpetuityE2-24-001X Sandy Beach 353 Atlantic Av 2.90 Sandy Beach Association RC Limited Yes, parking Jerusalem Road Good Beach/SwimmingE3-24-002 Little Harbor Dunes Atlantic Av 1.79 Sandy Beach Association RC None Yes, Parking Sandy Beach Viewing/WildlifeE10-49-030 Wheelwright Conservation Area Beechwood St 2.00 Scituate Town of/Conservation Commission RB Perpetuity YesA2-01-050 Greek Church 811 Jerusalem Rd 1.12 South Shore Hellenic Church Inc RA Unknown NoA2-01-051 Greek Church 819 Jerusalem Rd 0.25 South Shore Hellenic Church Inc RA Unknown NoA6-75-005 Turkey Hill Turkey Hill Rd 5.93 Trustees of Reservations RC Perpetuity Yes, Parking Turkey Hill/GoodB5-74-021 Turkey Hill C J Cushing Hwy 4.47 Trustees of Reservations UnknownB7-79-001 Whitney Woods King Street 4.60 Trustees of Reservations RC UnknownC5-71-016 Bancroft Bird Sanctuary King Street 16.50 Trustees of Reservations RC Perpetuity Yes C7-65-025A Watershed Property 231 R King St 4.80 Trustees of Reservations RC UnknownC7-65-030 Whitney & Thayer Woods King St/Doane St 527.00 Trustees of Reservations RC Perpetuity Yes, Parking CJC Highway GoodE9-49-008 Beechwood St 19.00 Wheelwright Dustin E/Wheelwright Frank Et Al RB/HBTotal Acreage 2934.99Page 6 of 6 Section 6.0 Community Vision Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Vision 6-1 6.0 COMMUNITY VISION 6.1 Description of the Process The general process undertaken to update the Cohasset OSRP is described in Section 2.2; however, additional information specific to the public outreach meetings is provided below. 6.1.1 Public Outreach Meetings The public participation process for the project included solicitation for comment in local news media and social media, a widely circulated survey, and a public forum held on July 26, 2017. The following entities were specifically invited to the forum and to participate in the survey. Notice of the meeting was also provided in the Cohasset Mariner, posted at the Town Hall, and emailed to the heads of all Town Departments.  Advisory Committee  Alternative Energy Committee  Board of Selectmen  Cohasset Conservation Land Trust  Cohasset Public Library  Center for Student Coastal Research  Cohasset Senior Center  Community Preservation Committee  Cohasset Garden Club  Community Garden Club of Cohasset  Conservation Commission  Citizens for Cohasset’s Future  Department of Public Works  Historical Commission  Rotary Club  Recreation Commission  Sailing Club  Sandy Beach Association  South Shore Coalition  St. Anthony’s Church  St. Stephen’s  Second Congregational Church  Water Department  Wild Cohasset The public forum was held the evening of July 26, 2017 at the Recreati on Department offices on Sohier Street. The focus of the forum was to engage local residents in a discussion about open space and recreation resources in the community. The OSRP Committee members made a presentation that included a discussion of why the OSRP update is important, demographic data, open space data and open-ended questions to help the audience think about what aspect of open space and recreation in the community is important. Due to the small number of attendees at the forum, the meeting was conducted as round table discussions. Despite the poor attendance, significant input was Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Vision 6-2 provided by attendees, and different issues and discussion topics were raised including the following noteworthy items raised by attendees.  Importance of preserving the existing character of the Town.  Importance of preserving views and vistas, especially of the ocean.  Importance of preserving trees and dismay at accelerated loss of open space. 6.1.2 Open Space & Recreation Plan Survey Public outreach for the OSRP update also included an Open Space and Recreation Survey prepared and distributed by the OSRP Committee and analyzed by B+T. The survey, meant to gauge how the Town uses the current open space and recreation lands and to identify priorities and opportunities residents would like to see acted upon in future. The survey was conducted between May 24, 2017 and July 25, 2017, with hard copies distributed at the library, the Senior Center, the Recreation Department offices, and Town Hall. Web links to the survey were posted on local social media, the Town’s website and via the Citizens for Cohasset’s Future Facebook page, among others. In addition, the survey was available online through links from the Town’s homepage (www.townofcohasset.com), the Recreation Department’s website (www.cohassetrec.com), and local social media including Citizens for Cohasset’s Future’s Facebook page. The online version was offered as a way to reach additional interested persons and to provide an opportunity for persons other than landowners to participate in the survey. In addition to typical survey questions related to open space and recreational issues, participants were asked to provide open comment. In total, 189 responses were received, and the data was analyzed by B+T. Analysis reveals extremely strong support for increased open space protection and conservation land acquisition. The survey can be found in Appendix A. Highlights are as follows:  Approximately 96.6% of respondents support the idea of the Town purchasing additional conservation lands. It is worth noting that the support for this idea is even stronger than the 91% received at the last survey conducted in 2009.  Approximately 97.2% of respondents support the idea of the Town purchasing additional recreation lands. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Vision 6-3  Approximately 84.4% of respondents would support strengthening current zoning laws in order to better protect open space in Cohasset.  Only 40.1% of respondents are satisfied or very satisfied with current recreational activities available for teenagers.  The harbor (100%), water-based recreational activities (98.9%) and scenic views (98.4%) were considered of the highest importance to the respondents.  The respondents strongly indicated a need for more bike baths, with 76.9% indicating that current paths are not adequate. Participants also want to see more boat moorings (57.9%) and conservation lands (50.3%).  The majority of respondents felt that the following resources were adequate, although a minority felt that the town needed more: Picnic areas: 38.1% want more Canoe/kayak launches: 36.0% want more Tennis courts: 29.1% want more Athletic fields: 26.7% want more Places for birdwatching: 24.0% want more Neighborhood playgrounds: 23.1% want more Beach recreation: 20.1% want more  Just as with the 2009 survey, of greatest concern to the 2017 survey participants was the perceived overdevelopment of town and the loss of small town feel. 6.2 Statement of Open Space and Recreation Goals Cohasset is blessed with a unique geography with scenic vistas, numerous recreational opportunities, cultural resources and a picturesque small town village center. The citizens of the town are well informed and proactive in their public advocacy for ecological conservation and protection and enhancement of access to recreational amenities. The residents have expressed their concern for the encroachment of new development on the scenic vistas and character of the town and its quality of life during the public outreach for this plan and identified the same issues in previous plans. From this planning process have emerged the following broad goals to guide strategic action for Open Space and Recreation over the next seven years. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Community Vision 6-4 1. Make protection of open space and the character of the Town a priority in all town- wide land use decisions, in keeping with citizens’ wishes, to preserve access and scenic beauty. 2. Protect and maintain the natural environment: Residents of the Town over the last two OSRPs and during this opinion survey have consistently voiced their support for all aspects of environmental protection. 3. Improve Recreational opportunity and access: The survey results and interactive sessions with the public continue to emphasize continuing to work to provide access, develop walking trails and biking paths and communicate how all of the recreational resources can best be enjoyed and maintained. 4. Organizational changes and collaboration: Due to a lack of resources and unclear lines of responsibility, it has proven to be very difficult to monitor past plan goals and implement specific objectives. Residents want town officials to collaborate with town departments to share planning resources, coordinate information used and to insure that the desired citizens’ goals are monitored and attained. The broad goals cited above remain applicable based upon public input gathered during the 2018 update process. Sections 8.0 and 9.0 contain additional information pertaining to specific goals, objectives, and action items to achieve the overarching goals stated above. Section 7.0 Analysis of Needs Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-1 7.0 ANALYSIS OF NEEDS The Town of Cohasset is a community that has maintained its small-town charm and celebrated natural beauty since its incorporation in 1770. Since the decline of the fishing and shipbuilding industries, Cohasset’s natural beauty, open space, and recreational amenities are greatly prized by its residents, and are in fact what have historically drawn visitors to the Town. Yet today, Cohasset faces some of the greatest development pressures to date. Perhaps because of these pressures, residents are overwhelmingly supportive of the opportunity to acquire additional undeveloped land parcels and to improve existing open space and recreational areas. During the course of this update, Cohasset residents have indicated the desire to create larger patches of open space, to improve wildlife corridors and to protect wildlife and the environment. They have also noted that advancements in development methods (easier ledge blasting, expansion of the sewer system) have threatened areas previously believed to be un-developable, and they have asked the Town to respond with greater protection of open space. It should be noted that these concerns are nearly identical to those raised in the last updating of the Open Space and Recreation Plan, yet the pressures have only increased. The needs of Cohasset are detailed throughout this report; a summary of some more prominent needs is provided below. Section 9 contains action items relating to the all of the needs of Cohasset identified throughout this OSRP update process. 7.1 Summary of Resource Protection Needs In order to best protect Cohasset’s natural environment, and to respond to the priorities gleaned from town residents during the update process, a comprehensive investigation of Cohasset’s current plan populations and ecosystems should be undertaken. This research will provide an environmental baseline of sorts that will better enable future analysis and provide standards by which to judge goals and objectives. 7.1.1 Water Resources Cohasset maintains significant surface water supplies in the Aaron River Reservoir and Lily Pond, as well as groundwater supplies through its wells. The Town of Cohasset Water Department has achieved significant protection for these resources by protecting associated watershed lands, and the Town maintains an awareness of developments in adjacent towns that may impact Cohasset’s water supply. Cohasset also recently completed installing multiple rain gardens throughout town to address stormwater runoff. The Town has recently also completed a sewer expansion project. Smaller steps that could be investigated to further protect Cohasset’s water supplies include addressing failing septic systems as quickly as possible and continuing education of the public with regard to sources of nonpoint pollution. Additionally, although the majority of Cohasset’s surface water supplies are surrounded by protected lands, King Street lies adjacent to Lily Pond to the northeast, and the potential for spills from accidents exists. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-2 Cohasset boasts a multitude of impressive and scenic waters. Some of these waters, such as Straits Pond, are impaired, as previously detailed in this report. However, the Division of Marine Fisheries has established Designated Shellfish Growing Areas (DSGAs), which represent areas of potential shellfish habitat extending from the tidal zone to the territorial limit of the Commonwealth. Each DSGA is comprised of at least one classification area, ranging from approved to prohibited.139 7.1.2 Potential Designated Shellfish Growing Areas While much of Cohasset waters remain closed to harvesting shellfishing, it is no longer true that “shellfish beds in Cohasset’s coastal waters are no longer viable” (Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan, 2010-2016). There are thriving shellfish communities in Cohasset Harbor, especially European oysters (Ostrea edulis) in the lower Gulf River estuary and in the tidal flats near the eelgrass beds sampled by CSCR. CSCR students documented the presence of European oysters, eastern oysters, blue mussels, quahogs, razor clams, steamer clams, and scallops. European oysters dominate the beds, but the presence of choice restoration species such as eastern oyster, and blue mussel is encouraging. Image 7-1 illustrates the spatial distribution of 271 sample points collected during the summers of 2016 and 2017. 139 MassGIS Datalayers/GIS Database Designated Shellfish Growing Areas – October 2009. Viewed online October 27, 2009. http://www.mass.gov/mgis/dsga.htm Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-3 Image 7-1 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-4 Image 7-2: Designated Shellfish Growing Areas from MassGIS 7.1.3 Invasive Species Conservation lands, and properties abutting them, should be monitored for invasive species and where found, they should be promptly removed before they establish a significant population. Existing populations of invasive species should be managed to prevent further spread if complete eradication is not feasible. Public outreach and education could result in a reduced presence of invasive species, as citizens Cohasset Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-5 could report existing populations, and might also avoid planting invasive or potentially invasive species if they understood the threat posed by them. This outreach is crucial, because while Massachusetts implemented a ban on specific invasive plants in 2006 (see Section 4.7.8), many prohibited plant species are still easily available for purchase online by those who do not know about the ban, or those who choose to disregard it. Additionally, existing populations will continue to spread without aggressive action. Cohasset should actively enforce its ban on the dumping of lawn debris. This is a common practice by homeowners and landscapers that endangers the fragile ecosystem of open space and conservation land in town by spreading invasive species into vulnerable regions. Signage, fines, and public outreach about the importance of obeying the ban should all be undertaken. Finally, educational materials could be developed to teach public works employees and relevant town board officials (e.g. Conservation Commission) about specific invasive plant species. 7.1.4 Rare Species Several of the rare species known to occur in Cohasset have older records of sightings. Educating citizens regarding what rare species occur in Cohasset and gathering additional information about existing populations would facilitate decisions regarding which areas in Cohasset should be protected. Such protection could include purchasing additional lands, as well as protecting rare species on existing open space lands by ensuring that recreational use of those lands does not impact the rare species populations. 7.1.5 Land Resources Cohasset has approximately 970 acres of open space and recreational lands in the community. This represents approximately 15% of Cohasset’s total land area (excluding coastal waters such as Cohasset Harbor). The largest contiguous area of open space occurs in the southwestern to south-central portion of Town, and includes state-owned conservation lands. For Town-owned parcels without a conservation or other deed restrictions, including those under the custody of the Conservation Commission, the Town could change the designation and use of the property. Therefore, working to change the temporary level of protection on Town- owned open space to permanently protect it represents an opportunity to ensure that these open space areas remain in the future. However, the Town is also reserving its options on land for future needs, such as police and fire stations or schools. Conservation of remaining unprotected land should focus on areas that are adjacent to or connect larger areas of contiguous open space in order to maximize the benefit to wildlife. Connections to neighborhoods and the ability to walk to open space areas would also be beneficial for residents. Existing connections and paths should Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-6 be researched and established so that they are not lost in the future. In addition to acquiring additional lands, Cohasset should focus on preventing fragmentation of significant habitats by proposed development. The Town of Cohasset is experiencing growth in areas that were previously undevelopable, as previously discussed. The Town has competing needs for the remaining undeveloped areas for housing, recreation, and wildlife habitat. The land that is permanently protected will continue to provide a wide range of functions, including preservation of environmentally and culturally sensitive resources, buffering developed areas, and providing recreational opportunities, indefinitely. However, other lands are at risk and these functions may be lost. Overuse at the Town’s most popular areas may occur and may lead to their degradation without implementation of management strategies and regular maintenance. 7.2 Summary of Community Needs As stated in the survey, residents believe that it is important that the Town acquire more conservation and recreation land. The purchase of development rights to preserve land also has wide support. Access to the waterfront, increased pedestrian and bicycle paths, and improved information regarding existing open space and recreation areas were all noted by residents as needs. Furthermore, the addition of fields to the Town, as well as better maintenance and improvements to existing fields, are also needs voiced by the community. Increased cool weather activities are also desirable. Cohasset has also identified various areas that require upgrades in order to meet ADA accessibility (Refer to Appendix F). According to the National Park Land Standards, below is a guideline for what types of amenities a typical community should have in terms of recreation based on its population size. Facility Area Needed Units per Population Service Area Basketball Court 7,280 sq. ft. 1 per 5,000 ¼-1/2 mile Tennis Court 1 court 1 per 2,000 ¼-1/2 mile Volleyball 4,000 sq. ft. 1 per 5,000 ¼-1/2 mile Baseball 1.2 acres minimum 1 per 5,000 ¼-1/2 mile Football 1.5 acres 1 per 20,000 20 min travel Soccer 1.7-2.1 acres 1 per 10,000 popularity level Softball 1.5-2 acres 1 per 5,000 ¼-1/2 mile Multi-use Court 9,840 sq ft 1 per 10,000 ¼-1/2 mile Swimming Pool 2 acres minimum 1 per 20,000 30 min travel Trails 1 trail system per region Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-7 7.3 Consistency with Regional and State Open Space and Recreation Plans The Town of Cohasset routinely works with various municipal, state, and regional planning agencies. The Cohasset 2018-2024 Open Space and Recreation Plan utilizes recommendations from several of these organizations. The Cohasset Open Space Committee has reviewed Scituate’s OSRP as it pertains to municipal regional context. The Town of Hingham is in the process of writing its OSRP and the Town of Hull will not be preparing an OSRP anytime soon. It is the intention of the Cohasset Open Space Committee to continue coordinating with Scituate, Hingham, and Hull on the use of open space plans, initiatives, and shared resources such as Bound Brook, Straits Pond, and Wompatuck State Park/Turkey Hill/Whitney Thayer Woods. The Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) has included a land resources protection component, MetroFuture, in its regional development plan. The Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) is the open space plan for the entire state of Massachusetts. Cohasset’s emphasis in the 2018-2024 Open Space and Recreation Plan on environmental health, protection and enhancement of wildlife habitat, and the promotion of resident awareness of and access to open space and recreational resources is consistent with both MetroFuture and SCORP. The Cohasset 2018-2024 Open Space and Recreation Plan contains goals, objectives, and actions that are consistent with many of MetroFuture’s criteria for land resources protection. These include lands of conservation interest, Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, wetlands wildlife habitat areas, areas critical to public water supplies, major wetlands, scenic landscapes, and major water bodies, rivers, and streams. Cohasset’s plan focuses on water resources and wetlands, the enhancement of wildlife habitat through linkage of existing protected lands, and enhanced access to scenic landscapes, particularly for pedestrians and bicyclists, as well as improved public access to the waterfront. These issues are especially relevant to the goals of MetroFuture. Cohasset is a member of the South Shore Coalition, a sub-regional group under MAPC, which also includes the towns of Duxbury, Hanover, Hingham, Hull, Marshfield, Norwell, Rockland, Scituate, and Weymouth. The Coalition discusses concerns such as the Greenbush commuter line project, solid waste, and coastal issues. Although Cohasset is part of the Metropolitan District Commission (MDC) planning region for the Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP), it shares many characteristics with the neighboring Southeastern Region. The 2006 SCORP recognizes Cohasset for making an important linkage and extension of the DCR Wompatuck Reservation, with the acquisition of the Whitney Woods Reservation. Additionally, the SCORP notes that private land trusts are playing important roles in a number of these towns as well, including Mass Audubon’s work in Belmont, Canton, and Natick, The Trustees of Reservation’s properties in Hingham and Cohasset, and local land Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-8 trusts in Dover and Cohasset140. The Cohasset 2018-2024 Open Space and Recreation Plan addresses a number of SCORP planning recommendations for the MDC Region. These recommendations include:  Improvement of water-based recreation opportunities  Improvement of opportunities for hiking and cross-country skiing; maintenance of a balance between conservation and recreation resources  Improvement of maintenance for open space and recreation resources  Encouragement of protection and/or retention of “ancient ways” through an emphasis on their cultural and historic values  Maximization of state, municipal, and nonprofit agency cooperation in the protection of ecologically important lands that are connected to maintain ecosystem integrity.  Publication of existing incentives available to private landowners to allow public access on private lands including the Chapter 61, 61A and 61B properties, Forest Stewardship Program properties; encouragement of the donation or sale of conservation restrictions or access easements; and education of local assessor’s offices about taxation policies of these programs to ensure assessors honor the intent of the programs  Provision of access to open space, recreation, and historic properties and sites in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 7.4 Management Needs and Potential Changes of Use Moving forward, in order to ensure successful implementation of the OSRP update, outstanding communication and teamwork will be paramount between Town boards, committees, staff and local residents and businesses. In order to set the stage for good communication, a specific entity in the Town of Cohasset should be assigned to oversee the implementation of the overall OSRP. The best-suited committees would be the Open Space & Recreation Committee and the Recreation Commission, which would work together on a regular basis. In general, regarding the maintenance of fields and playgrounds, additional funds and assistance are required. Maintenance of existing facilities should be coordinated with the applicable Town departments as well as with the groups using the fields, including groups from other towns. Additionally, the maintenance of potential future facilities should be considered prior to constructing such facilities. Open space and recreation lands should be managed to ensure compatible use. For instance, enforcement of no pet areas in certain recreational facilities (athletic fields, for example) is lacking. Wompatuck Park has specific sections for walkers, ATV users and cross-country skiers, which serves as a good example of how to allow multiple uses that may not be compatible. 140 Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Outdoors 2006 Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan, http://www.mass.gov/Eoeea/docs/eea/dcs/massoutdoor2006.pdf, accessed August 3, 2009. Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-9 The following items are being studied or are proposed for specific properties:  Redesign of the recreation area behind the library to include a non-regulation playing field, an additional basketball court, and a parking lot. Construction should be complete by winter 2018.  Relocation of the CHS baseball diamond from Milliken Field. 7.5 Americans with Disabilities Act Review B+T prepared an inventory of Open Space and Recreation parcels under direct maintenance or control of the Recreation Department throughout the Town of Cohasset. This resulted in identifying seven parcels to be included in the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) evaluation. On June 20, 2017, B+T made site visits to the identified parcels to perform the ADA evaluations in accordance with the guidelines for Open Space and Recreation Plans. The facilities were reviewed to determine whether the existing improvements, i.e.; trails, picnic facilities, playgrounds, playing fields, etc. complied with ADA standards. Many of the parcels that include improved areas such as playgrounds or playing fields, do not currently conform to the standards due to lack of accessible parking/routes.  Recreation Department, 100 Sohier Street (playground, basketball court, field) Accessible parking has been added, parking area cracks have been repaired. Picnic area is located on the pavement for an easy accessible route. Image 7-3 Image 7-4 Image 7-5 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-10  Milliken-Bancroft Fields, Bancroft Road (tennis courts, baseball field, field) Accessible parking is provided. Accessible route not compliant to fields/bleachers. Stairs at end of field to access field or view of tennis courts. Snack shack is currently not accessible, however CPC funding has been secured to make the shack accessible. Image 7-6 Image 7-7 Image 7-8 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-11  Beechwood Ballpark, Beechwood/Doane Streets (basketball court, playground, junior varsity baseball field). Accessible parking spaces lack access aisles and no van accessible parking space. Accessible parking signs do not comply. No accessible route to picnic area. Image 7-9 Image 7-10 Image 7-11 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-12  Ellms Meadow, 22 James Lane (winter skating pond) The Water Department has one ground water resource, the Ellms Meadow well- field (ID#4065000-02G, which is located at 24 James Lane and has been approved for up to 141,000 gallons per day. Due to this water source, Ellms Meadow can no longer be flooded for skating purposes. Image 7-12 Image 7-13 Image 7-14 Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Analysis of Needs 7-13  Barnes Ballfields, 169-185 North Main St (baseball fields, softball field) Accessible parking spaces provided. Accessible routes to bleachers/seating areas for ballfields are non-compliant. Restroom building is not accessible due to step up to restrooms as well as changes in elevation of sidewalk surrounding building. The Little League has applied for CPC funding and is on the Town Meeting Warrant for the Spring 2018 Town Meeting to address all ADA issues.As of Septebmer 2018, this is still in the process. Image 7-15 Image 7-16 Image 7-17  Recreation Center, 55R South Main Street Consists of a small building for indoor recreation activities. Accessible parking is lacking, as well as non-compliant doorway threshold. Interior restroom facilities do not meet all dimensional requirements. (No photos taken inside the building here due to children being present.)  James Brook Woods, Rear Sohier Street This was investigated, but no designated entries or facilities were observed. Section 8.0 Goals & Objectives Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Goals & Objectives 8-1 8.0 GOALS & OBJECTIVES 8.1 Goals Over the past year, the Open Space and Recreation Plan Update Committee has solicited the opinions of Town Officials and staff, various Town Departments and Commissions, and the public at large to develop a broad suite of goals and specific objectives for inclusion in the 2018 Open Space & Recreation Plan. These community goals and objectives serve as a major component of this report. The following goals represent large-scale concepts; the objectives are more closely focused activities. Specific actions to implement these goals and objectives are detailed in the next chapter, Section 9.0 – Seven-Year Action Plan. As noted in Section 6.0, the 2018 OSRP states that “Cohasset is well endowed with open space/conservation areas, recreational facilities, and historic resources. Public advocacy for their maintenance and preservation is high. Increased information and education are important ways to ensure ongoing support for open space preservation. An ideal open space system would protect the water supply and wetlands resources, preserve and enhance wildlife habitat and biodiversity and protect the scenic character of the town. Recreational goals include additional access to the waterfront, greater opportunities for walking and bicycling, and improved access for the disabled.” The broad goals cited above remain applicable based upon public input gathered during the 2018 update process. Section 9.0 contains additional information pertaining to specific action items to achieve the overarching goals stated above, and the objectives listed below. 8.2 Objectives The following broad objectives were developed in support of the goals stated above, with more specific action items set forth in Section 9.0. 1. Make protection of open space and the character of the Town a priority in all Town land use decisions, in keeping with citizen’s wishes, to preserve access, Town character and scenic beauty.  Foster complete buy-in of all Town boards and staff into the objectives of this Plan and its sister Master Plan and Harbor Plan.  Require an impact and/or Plan-consistency opinion from the OSRP on: o Subdivision, ANR, and Scenic Road Applications before the Planning Board; o Variance requests before the Board of Appeals seeking increased lot coverage; o All applications before the Conservation Commission seeking removal or replication of resource areas or pursuant to the Storm water Management Bylaw; o Any other matter or application before the above boards involving clearing or reduction of pre-existing undeveloped land; and Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Goals & Objectives 8-2 o Any acquisition or disposition of land by the Town. 2. Protect and maintain the natural environment, including:  Protection of wildlife habitats and migration paths.  Protection of wetlands and biodiversity.  Improvement of water quality in the harbor.  Control of invasive species.  Adopt non-toxic landscaping practices.  Make recognition of Earth Day an annual Town-sponsored event, and institute regular civic cleanup efforts. 3. Improve recreational opportunity and access:  Allow disabled residents access to all recreational venues.  Create more biking paths and safety signage.  Create more mooring space and harbor access.  Increase maintenance and signage for walking paths and create awareness of usage through a regular town-wide communication program. 4. Organizational changes and collaboration to monitor and achieve these goals:  Improve communication and coordination across Town boards and departments and have boards and staff take the lead on insuring that the desired citizens’ goals are monitored and attained.  Develop sufficient staff and budgetary resources for the OSRC to fund programs to achieve specific objectives, and to assure active monitoring of plan progress. Section 9.0 Seven-Year Action Plan Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-1 9.0 SEVEN-YEAR ACTION PLAN 9.1 New Seven-Year Action Plan The following are the action plan recommendations for the 2018 OSRP, which will be sought to be implemented. OBJECTIVE 8.2(1): Make protection of open space and the character of the town a priority. Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Develop and maintain a list and priorities of properties suitable for potential acquisition or conservation by the Town and make recommendations. Create a GIS layer. Open Space and Recreation Committee, Board of Assessors, Board of Selectmen, Town Planner        Town Budget Town Boards and staff to demonstrate consistent commitment to the objectives of the Open Space Plan and its sister plans; making consideration of a particular decision’s consistency with these Plans a regular part of deliberations and decision- making processes. Board of Selectmen, All Land-Use Permitting Boards, Advisory Comm., Planner, Conservation Agent, Building Inspector        N/A Require an impact and/or Plan-consistency opinion from the OSRC on all permitting and land acquisition and disposition matters before the land use permitting boards, Board of Selectmen and Town        Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-2 Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Meeting. Board of Selectmen, All Land-Use Permitting Boards, Advisory Comm., Planner, Conservation Agent, Building Inspector, Town Meeting. N/A Review Town Bylaws & Regulations (especially zoning, building, and conservation) to assess whether they support the goals of this Plan its sister plans, and make recommendations to appropriate boards as necessary. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Bylaw Committee; Zoning Board of Appeals; Planning Board; Conservation Commission        Town budget to extent re-writes outside scope of Town Counsel retainer, or to hire outside consultant. Increase public awareness of tax incentives available to private landowners who preserve open space and/or that make that open space available to the public. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Board of Assessors        Town Budget for any print items beyond webpage info Increase public outreach on the value and importance of open space. Open Space & Recreation Committee        Town Budget for any print items beyond webpage info Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-3 OBJECTIVE 8.2(2): Protect the natural environment. Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Create a town database of significant natural resources, wildlife habitats and corridors, rare species habitat, vernal pools, and endangered plant habitat. Include same within the GIS system. Open Space and Recreation Committee, Conservation Commission, Town Planner, Conservation Agent, Director of Engineering        Town Budget and Volunteers Instigate formal identification of state- recognized resource areas (vernal pools, habitat areas) for purposes of formal protection during land use permitting and obtaining state grants and benefits where available. Open Space and Recreation Committee, Conservation Commission, Town Planner and Conservation Agent.        Town Budget and Volunteers OSRC Committee created Grant Sub- Committee on 9/25/18 Study and promote appropriate ways to preserve the unique natural features of the Cohasset landscape. Open Space & Recreation Committee        N/A Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-4 Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Develop and maintain a list of properties suitable for potential acquisition or conservation restriction by the Town and make recommendations. Create a GIS layer. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Board of Assessors and Board of Selectmen, Director of Engineering        Town Budget Support the development of an organic lawn/turf management plan for all town- owned properties. Encourage the Town not to employ toxic herbicides in environmentally sensitive areas. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Water Department, Board of Health, DPW, and the Town Manager.        Town Budget and Grants Revive or expand implementation of Water Dept.’s Rain Garden Program. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Water Department        Water Dept. Budget, Grants, and Volunteers Raise awareness of Earth Day and develop regular civic clean-up efforts on that day and at other times. Support initiatives to protect Cohasset’s environment year round. All Town Boards and Civic Organizations.        Water Dept. Budget, Grants, and Volunteers Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-5 Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Expand and promote opportunities for volunteers to Adopt an Island, or adopt a portion of a town field or park for maintenance. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Board of Selectmen, DPW        Town Budget and Volunteers Explore opportunity to establish a Community Garden facility. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Board of Selectmen, DPW        Volunteers Support the restoration of shellfish beds, including developing an Inter-Municipal Agreement with the Town of Scituate to reduce phosphate pollution into the Gulf River. Shellfish Warden; Open Space & Recreation Committee, Harbor Committee, Conservation Commission, Board of Selectmen, Town of Scituate.        Volunteers Consider bylaw and regulatory changes to prohibit phosphate and nitrate-generating uses along Gulf River and other tributaries to the Harbor, and along other sensitive bodies of water or wetlands areas and their tributaries. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Harbor Committee, Conservation Commission, Board of Selectmen, Board of Health.        Town Budget, Grants and Volunteers Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-6 Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Consider reviving plan for ocean outfall for sewer system to reduce fresh water incursion into the Harbor. Board of Selectmen, Sewer Commission        N/A Identify invasive species and organize selective non-toxic eradication programs where appropriate. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Conservation Commission, DPW        State & Fed. Govts. Increase public outreach on the value and importance of the various resources discussed in this Subsection. Open Space & Recreation Committee        Town Budget, Grants and Volunteers Increase public awareness of Scenic Road Bylaw and encourage wider utilization of the law by Town Citizens. Town Planner, Planning Board, Open Space and Recreation Committee.        Town Budget for any print items beyond webpage info Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-7 OBJECTIVE 8.2(3): Improve recreational opportunities and access for residents. Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Insure legally required access to all Town recreational and park facilities for disabled residents. Board of Selectmen, DPW, Recreation Commission        Town Budget and Grants Study the feasibility of “shared road” bikeways, walkways and sidewalks with proper signage for vehicular traffic. Recreation Commission; Department of Public Works, Town Planner        Department of Public Works Study creation of additional walking trails on public and publicly accessible private conservation properties, and add all walking trails into the GIS system. Identify historical paths and explore feasibility of use. Recreation Commission; Conservation Commission; Open Space and Recreation Committee, Director of Engineering        Volunteers and Conservation Commission Funds Increase maintenance (clearing, widening, board walking where necessary) and signage (directional, safety, use and access restrictions, pet restrictions) for walking paths; develop clear trail markers and trail maps. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Recreation Commission        Town Budget and Volunteers Improve and maintain current athletic and recreational fields and areas. Recreation Commission; Department of Public Works        Town Funds and User Fees Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-8 Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Continue to monitor the need for development of new ball fields and play areas throughout town, and act upon opportunities as they present themselves. Recreation Commission        Fundraising Increase cool weather activities such as skating areas, warming huts, and lighting. Recreation Commission        Fundraising, Town Capitol Budget Plan Improve access to our waterways, including our harbors, ponds, ocean front, launching ramps and mooring areas. Recreation Commission; Harbormaster; Harbor Committee        State Grants Enforce field use policies, guidelines and agreements of understanding with all sports groups. Recreation Commission        Staff Time Increase town recreational operated programs for all ages. Insure sufficient funding and staffing, and appropriate user fee structure. Recreation Commission, Board of Selectmen        Town Budget, Fees Increase public awareness of the inventory and amenities of the various recreational resources of the Town. Recreation Commission        Town Budget for any print items beyond webpage info Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-9 OBJECTIVE 8.2(4): Organizational changes Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Retain the Open Space & Recreation Committee as a standing committee to undertake review duties stated in these Objectives and serve as lead monitor of Plan compliance. Provide a small budget to implement some of the program proposals stated in these Objectives. Board of Selectmen        Town Budget Insure that this Plan, the Master Plan, and the Harbor Plan are coordinated and monitored for implementation and consistency by town staff and Boards. Town Planner, Open Space and Recreation Committee; Master Planning Committee, Planning Board, Harbor Committee.        N/A Continue to have positive working relationships with private conservation groups on land and conservation restriction acquisition, and utilize public-private partnerships to achieve open space and recreational goals where feasible. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Board of Selectmen, Town Manager        N/A Work cooperatively with state DCR, The Trustees, Cohasset Conservation Trust and any other non-town owner of publicly- accessible open space to insure citizen        Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts Seven-Year Action Plan 9-10 Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? access to these properties, and to integrate their trail systems into the Town’s publicity materials and GIS system. Open Space & Recreation Committee, Board of Selectmen, Town Manager, Director of Engineering N/A Section 10.0 Public Comments Section 11.0 References Town of Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan Cohasset, Massachusetts References 11-1 11.0 REFERENCES All references used to update the Cohasset Open Space and Recreation Plan have been noted within the document as footnotes. Appendices Appendix A – 2009 OSRP Action Plan Appendix B – Public Outreach Appendix C – Cohasset Buildout Summary Information Appendix D – Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Information Appendix E – State and National Designated Historic Sites Appendix F – DEP Waste Site/Reportable Release Database Appendix G – ADA Accessibility Forms Appendix A 2009 OSRP Action Plan Following is the action plan that was part of the 2009-17 OSRP and commentary on what happened with these recommendations. a. Make protection of open space a priority in all town land use decisions Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Retain the Open Space & Recreation Committee as a standing committee to advise on the potential impact of proposals on open space. Board of Selectmen  Volunteers Comments: The OSRP plan was not officially adopted by the planning board and the Committee became dormant after the plan was approved by the state, only holding one meeting in 2013. New Committee was formed March 2017 for the 2018 OSRP. Encourage the Planning Board to resolve status of the draft master plan for the town. Open Space and Recreation Committee; Planning Board  Volunteers Comments: The 2009 OSRP was never adopted by the planning board or the town, although portions of it were enacted. Review Town Bylaws (especially zoning, building, and conservation) to assess whether they support the goals of the open space and recreation plan and other Town planning documents and make recommendations to appropriate boards as necessary. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Bylaw Committee; Zoning Board of Appeals; Planning Board; Conservation Commission        Volunteers Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Consider a balance between natural habitat and passive recreation when developing guidelines for the use of open space. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Recreation Commission        Volunteers Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Increase public awareness of tax incentives available to private landowners who preserve open space and/or that make that open space available to the public. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Assessors        Volunteers Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. b. Protect the natural environment, including wildlife habitats and wetlands, and preserve Cohasset’s scenic beauty and local character Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Study and promote appropriate ways to preserve the unique natural features of the Cohasset landscape. Open Space & Recreation Committee        Volunteers Comments: The Committee did not accomplish this goal, but a group – Citizens for Cohasset’s future drafted legislation addressing this issue. Develop and maintain a list of properties suitable for potential acquisition or conservation restriction by the Town, including those that link existing wildlife habitat, wetlands, open space, and recreation areas. Open Space & Recreation Committee        Volunteers Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Designate the Open Space Committee as the coordinator for open space acquisition for the town. Board of Selectmen        Volunteers Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Work to acquire selected parcels of open space using funds from the Community Preservation Act, grants, and private funding sources and working with appropriate town boards and interested groups and individuals. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Community Preservation Committee        Grants, Donations, CPC, Town Meeting Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Comments: See Community Preservation Committee Forest Avenue and Ingram Park. Solicit and support volunteer inventory projects to identify and monitor the status, habitat, and distribution of key species such as vernal pool organisms, state listed animal and plant species, and forest-interior birds, and pursue possible grants to fund such projects. Open Space & Recreation Committee; conservation organizations/non-profit groups (with Town coordination)      Foundations and Trust Grants Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective Inventory the status of wetlands, coastal resources and inland bodies of water. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Conservation Commission; Water Department; Board of Health; Stormwater Committee        Town Department Funds Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective Generate educational materials on protection of our local natural environment and recreational resources. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Board of Health        Recreation Department and Board of Health Funds Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Support organic lawn/turf management plan for all town-owned properties. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Water Department; Board of Health        Volunteers using Water Department Funds Comments: The Town Common is the only lawn with a pesticide restriction and organic lawn products are used. Synthetic fertilizers are used at all other Town maintained playing fields. Support the restoration of shellfish beds. Shellfish Warden; Open Space & Recreation Committee        Volunteers Comments: The Harbor Committee made several presentations to town boards during the term of the 2009 plan and while there was broad support for programs to revive the shellfish beds at these meetings no resources were ever committed to the cause. Today the shell fish beds are still in decline. c. Improve, protect and increase recreational opportunities for residents Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Study the feasibility of “shared road” bikeways, walkways and sidewalks with proper signage for vehicular traffic. Recreation Commission; Department of Public Works        Department of Public Works Comments: The Town Manager in conjunction with the Planning Board has been discussing the creation of sidewalks and bike paths along Rte. 3A that could accommodate walkers and bikers with the State. There is grant money available through the state’s Complete Streets Program, to install sidewalks. The Planning Board is working to participate in this program and discussions are ongoing but no specific accomplishments during the plan term. Check on Forest Ave Expansion – Brian J. Study creation of additional walking trails on conservation properties. Recreation Commission; Conservation Commission; Open Space and Recreation Committee        Volunteers and Conservation Commission Funds Comments: The Conservation Trust has been maintaining the Great Brewster Woods walking trails and signage and the newly expanded walking trails in George Ingram Park, the latter of which was built as an Eagle Scout project and funded by CPC. Eagle Scouts have also been working on trail maintenance in the Whitney Woods and Turkey Hill public lands. Improve and maintain current athletic and recreational fields and areas. Recreation Commission; Department of Public Works        Town Funds and User Fees Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Comments: Barnes (CYSBA) Beechwood (Capital Budget) All Playgrounds will be current and in compliance with ADA by Labor Day 2018. Study the construction of new ball fields and play areas throughout town. Recreation Commission        Fundraising Comments: The Commission promotes, encourages, and coordinates recreational activities for all citizens of the Town. The Commission is responsible for making recommendations to the Board of Selectmen regarding the maintenance and improvement of recreational areas owned by the Town. Increase cool weather activities such as skating areas, warming huts, and lighting. Investigate the possibility of an indoor swimming pool. Recreation Commission        Fundraising, Town Capitol Budget Plan Comments: A privately owned Indoor Pool is operating on the Cohasset/Scituate line. Improve access to our waterways, including our harbors, ponds, ocean front, launching ramps and mooring areas. Recreation Commission; Harbormaster; Harbor Committee        State Grants Comments: Army Corp. of Engineers dredged the harbor in Fall 2015 and finished in Spring 2017. Develop and enforce field use policies, guidelines and a memorandum of understanding with all sports groups. Recreation Commission        Staff Time Comments: This is done annually with Athletic Director and primary users of the fields. Increase town recreational operated programs for all ages. Recreation Commission        Staff Funds, Fees Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Comments: The goal of the Recreation Department is to increase and expand all recreation programming on a quarterly basis and has done so during the life of the 2009 OSRP. Support Construction of a new Senior Center. Elder Affairs, Board of Selectmen    Grants, Fundraising Comments: Completed, Owned by the Town. d. Improve maintenance of Town owned open space and recreational resources Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Assess and improve current maintenance practices for town-owned land. Department of Public Works        Staff Time Comments: DPW promoted a new Tree and Park Foreman in 2017 and DPW staff utilization within the past year has improved for maintenance of Town Lands. Crews are now deployed to areas as groups similar to a landscape company operation to complete individual areas in faster time with more efficient and aesthetically pleasing results. Operational optimization adjustments may continue through Summer 2018 based on results. Determine how much revenue is necessar y to maintain each recreational facility on an annual basis and work to ensure funding. Recreation Commission        Recreation Department Staff Time Comments: The amount of money required to properly maintain the fields is beyond the scope of the users, which include the Town and the Schools. Major expenses including yearly field maintenance, infield reconstruction and basketball and tennis court repair require town funding with Capital Budget and Community Preservation funding. Review and update annually fees associated with organizational uses of athletic/recreational facilities and explore other sources of funding for field care, both private and public options. Recreation Commission; Department of Public Works        Recreation Department Staff Time Comments: Recreation Commission has a set fee policy for users of the fields, which is comparable to other surrounding towns. Increase signage at all athletic/recreational facilities relative to proper use and care of facility by users. Recreation Commission; Department of Public Works        Department Funds Comments: Recreation Commission does have signage at its towns fields and facilities. Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Sponsor maintenance programs and work with local groups (e.g., adopt-a- park/roadway/traffic island). Open Space & Recreation Committee; Department of Public Works        Volunteers Comments: The Town has no coordinated clean-up programs, but some towns people and private organizations maintain certain properties and organize periodic clean-ups. Promote and support public clean-up events. Board of Health; Open Space & Recreation Committee        Board of Health Funds, Volunteers Comments: Private groups organize clean-ups at Sandy Beach, Straights Pond, but there are no organized Town programs for clean-up. Encourage dog walkers to pick up their pet’s waste and install stations with bags and trash receptacles at key open space and recreational area entrances (including cemeteries). Mark the locations of these stations on maps and brochures. Board of Health        Board of Health Funds, Volunteers Comments: Signage was done, but the bags not maintained No Refill process. Increase signage prohibiting dogs at athletic fields and other appropriate locations. Recreation Commission; Board of Health; Town Manager        Town Funds Comments: Signage has been completed at all fields. e. Develop greater resident awareness of conservation lands and recreational resources Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Develop and publish a guide to open space resources in town, including hard copy and online maps and trail guides for recreational facilities and conservation lands. Publicize this guide on Town website and in local newspapers and make copies available at trail heads. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Recreation Commission       Volunteers, Department Funds, Grants Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Research, locate, document, and publish a guide to historic cart paths and easements that are suitable for recreational use. Open Space & Recreation Committee     Legal Department Funds, Volunteers Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Continue to hold an annual event (such as the Recreation Fair) to educate residents about open space and recreation within Cohasset. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Recreation Commission; Conservation Commission        Staff Time, Volunteers Comments: Since 2008 the Health and Recreation Fair, has been held with increased participation by the citizens of the Town each year. Encourage the purchase of the full GIS system. Board of Selectmen; Open Space & Recreation Committee        Town Funds Comments: The GIS System has been installed and populated. f. Provide greater access for the disabled at key open space and recreational resources Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Create and adopt a transition plan designating certain areas for complete or near-complete accessibility. Recreation Commission; Commission on Disabilities        Grants, Town Funds Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Ensure ADA compliance in future recreation and open space improvements. Recreation Commission; Commission on Disabilities        Volunteers Comments: ADA compliance has been a priority for the town during the 2009 OSRP. Wider accessible gates at Tennis Courts were installed. Handicap parking spaces added to Rocky and Sandy Beach Lots. Improvements to all Town Playgrounds in planning stages. Include information regarding ADA accessibility of open space and recreation amenities in materials developed. Open Space & Recreation Committee; Recreation Commission; Commission on Disabilities        Staff Time Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. g. Implement and monitor Action Plan items Actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Potential Funding Source Completed? Delegate the oversight of the OSRP to the Open Space & Recreation Committee. Board of Selectmen  Volunteers Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Review status of action items every year and report to the Board of Selectmen. Update action items as necessary. Open Space & Recreation Committee        Volunteers Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Maintain an awareness of issues which affect the Town’s Open Space and Recreation resources and bring them to the attention of the appropriate town boards. Open Space & Recreation Committee        Volunteers Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Provide updates to the residents of Cohasset about progress on the goals and action items in this plan. Open Space & Recreation Committee        Volunteers using Town Funds Comments: Committee found that no identifiable progress was made on this objective. Appendix B Public Outreach Open Space & Recreation Committee Wednesday, March 29, 2017 at 7:00 pm Recreation Center 100 Sohier Street Cohasset, MA Agenda 7:00 pm Call to Order 7:05 pm Introduction of Members & Review of Charge-Chris Senior 7:15 pm Election of Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Secretary 7:25 pm Open Space Presentation by Brendan Mullaney & Stacy Minihane of Beals & Thomas 8:15 pm Schedule future meetings 8:20 pm Topics not reasonably anticipated within 48hrs of the meeting 8:30pm Adjourn Cohasset Open Space & Recreation PlanWhy we need it, what it is, next steps What is an Open Space & Recreation Plan (OSRP)?•A framework to protect open space, neighborhood parks, outdoor recreation, and critical habitat for wildlife and native plants. •Massachusetts encourages such plans as tools for “thoughtful planning and active stewardship” of land as an important hedge against over‐development Why is this issue soimportant to Cohasset?The United States is losing open space at a rate of 6,000 acres per day.*As a town, we need to plan for development whilepreserving our precious natural resources.     *Source:  The Trust for Public Land What exactly is ’open space’ in this context?Open space =  an undeveloped piece of land that has no building or structures on it.   Open space traditionally provides recreational opportunities for citizens while preserving scenic views & supporting wildlife habitat. What is the process of updating our OSRP?Funds for hiring a consultant to update our 2007 plan were approved in Fall 2016.The Open Space & Recreation Committee reconvened Spring 2017.The Committee worked  with civil engineering firm Thomas & Beal, the authors of the original plan, to update the existing plan.A survey to town residents is being circulated to solicit public feedback regarding conservation and recreation issues  in town. The finalized plan, once adopted by the town, will be submitted to the Massachusetts Division of Conservation Services for approval. Towns with approved OSRPs are eligible for grant money.Previous grants have enabled us to:Purchase conservation land,  like the Barnes Wildlife Sanctuary Replace the Border Street culvert & restore adjoining marshProtect the town’s water supply by purchasing land within the watershedInstall rain gardens for storm water run off control How do open space & recreational opportunities  benefit the town’s residents?•Cohasset’s scenic beauty enhances property values.•Green space, nature + recreational opportunities  have been scientifically shown to improve the health of those who live nearby.•Cohasset is blessed with extraordinary natural beauty.  Preserving open space = preserving our historic character and natural heritage.   How does open space benefit our local environment?•Open space provides habitat for wildlife and native plants and encourages healthy biodiversity.•Climate change is of crucial importance for seaside locations.   Each acre of forested open space absorbs twice the carbon of the average car’s annual mileage. Current conditions: open space by categoryOpen space is classified according to its level of protection from future development.   Cohasset’s open space is divided into categories as noted below.Protected permanentlyLimited Protection (e.g.: chapter 61 land, a tax designation to encourage open space)No protectionUnknownOur open space is well distributed through town, with several large clusters.  However, it does not provide many wildlife corridors.  Distribution ofopen space Cohasset open spaceinventoryBlack Rock BeachBrass Kettle WatershedElms Meadow/Duck Pond Great Brewster Woods/Dean’s MeadowIngram ParkPape ReservationSandy BeachTurkey HillWheelwright Park/Cornelia & Richardson White Woods/Barnes Wildlife SanctuaryWhitney & Thayer Woods What recreation is available in Cohasset?Recreational activities include:BikingBird watchingBoating: kayaking, canoeing, paddle boarding, sailingCross‐country skiingFishingHikingPicnickingSkatingSnowshoeingSwimmingTeam sports and gamesQuests and Geocaches What are the town’s recreational needs?  Do we need to adjust for populationchanges?Different age groups have different needs for recreation.The town has seen an increase in children and teenagers, which may mean we need additional recreational opportunities for this demographic. The OSRP Committee is conducting a survey of town’s residents. The survey is ongoing.  However, of participants thus far:Would like more bike paths 76%Would support town’s efforts to conserve land 74%Would like more kayak/canoe launches 55%Consider roadside trees very important 70%Consider scenic views very important 85% The OSRP is setting goals for our town’s future. Do you agree?Among the goals being included:Make protection of open space a priority in all town land use decisions.Protect the natural environment, including native species, wildlife habitat, and wetlands.Preserve Cohasset’s scenic beauty and natural rural character.Improve recreational opportunities for children, teens, and adults.Educate citizens about conservation lands and recreational resources.Improve access for the disabled.Implement and monitor key action items.  Open discussion. It’s your town.What do you want for its future?•Are there additional goals you want to see addressed?•Is Cohasset losing its traditional character?•What open spaces & recreational opportunities do you most value here?  What are we lacking?  Where are we lacking it?•What age group is underserved in town?•What do you see as the most critical conservation issues facing us? Thank you!Questions, comments, concerns?  Please contact:ppescatore@cohassetma.org 5/15/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 1/7 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 Please answer the following questions to the best of your ability.  The survey should take approximately  5­10 minutes to complete.  These answers will help in the preparation of the update to the Cohasset  Open Space and Recreation Plan.  Thank you for your participation! 1. How old are you? Mark only one oval.  Under 18 years old  18­24 years old  25­34 years old  35­44 years old  45­54 years old  55­64 years old  65 years or older 2. How many people, including yourself, live in your household? Mark only one oval per row. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Children (<1­12) Teenagers (13­18) Adults (19­64) Seniors (65+) 3. How many years have you lived in Cohasset? Mark only one oval.  <1 year  1­5 years  6­10 years  11­15 years  16­20 years  21+ years 5/15/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 2/7 4.Would you support the Town taking the following actions to preserve natural resources and promote recreational opportunities? Please answer for each item. Mark only one oval per row. Strongly Support Support Do Not Support Purchase of conservation land Purchase of development rights Purchase of recreational land Pursuit of outside funding/grants for conservation/recreational land acquisition Encourage and support community and regional land trusts Encourage conservation by State agencies Change zoning regulations to enhance open space protection Development of information campaigns about open space and recreation resources 5.If you own land in Cohasset, would you support conservation of your land in any of the following ways? Select all that apply. Check all that apply.  Donating land to the Town  Selling land to the Town at a bargain price  Selling land to the Town at market rate  Putting conservation restrictions on land  Tax Credit/Tax Reduction  None of the above  I do not own land in Cohasset 5/15/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 3/7 6.Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. Mark only one oval per row. I use this place frequently I use this place occassionally I know of this place, but have not used it I do not know of this place nor use it Sandy Beach Black Rock Beach Wheelwright Park/ Cornelia and Richardson White Woods/ Barnes Wildlife Sanctuary Great Brewster Woods/Deans Meadow Whitney and Thayer Woods Turkey Hill Brass Kettle Watershed Pape Reservation Ingram Park Elms Meadow/Duck Pond 7.Have you noticed changes in open spaces in Town, and if so, what changes have you noticed? 8.If you do not use Cohasset's conservation land and recreational facilities, why not? Select all that apply. Check all that apply.  Do not have the information about where they are located  Hard to get to/lack of transportation  Lack of parking  I do not have trail information   Safety concerns  Not handicapped accessible  Other:  5/15/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 4/7 9.How satisfied are you with current recreational programs and facilities for the following age groups? Mark only one oval per row. Very Satisfied Satisfied Not Satisfied Not Important to Me 1­4 year olds 5­9 year olds 10­12 year olds Teenagers Adults Seniors 10.Are there additional outdoor recreational opportunities or facilities that you would like the Town to provide for children and/or teenagers? If yes, please specify. 5/15/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 5/7 11.How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. Mark only one oval per row. Very Important Important Not Important Rural, small town character, narrow roads Sense of community Scenic views and/or land Roadside trees and stone walls Agricultural lands/pastures Forests Wildlife Lakes, rivers, and other water bodies Harbor Town­owned recreation areas (sports fields, playgrounds, parks, trails, swimming areas, etc.) State­owned recreation areas Privately­owned recreation areas Biodiversity, support of native plants Control of invasive plants Water­based recreational activities (boating, fishing, swimming, etc.) Hiking, biking, walking trails, questing Organized recreation/athletic activities (sports leagues, programs, etc.) Cultural/art events Alternative energy (wind turbines, etc.) Climate change awareness 5/15/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 6/7 12.Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. Mark only one oval per row. Sufficient Need more Do not need Bicycle/pedestrian paths Neighborhood playgrounds Conservation areas Picnic areas Multipurpose athletic fields Tennis courts Beach recreation Wildlife viewing/birdwatching Golf course Boat ramps/launches Boat moorings Baseball/Softball fields Dog walking access River access for canoes and kayaks Fishing/shellfishing Senior Center Teen Center/Recreation Center (Garage) 13.In your opinion, what are the most important issues, challenges, or threats facing the Town of Cohasset? 5/15/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 7/7 15. Please provide any additional comments or suggestions that you think may be helpful in preparing the OSRP. 14. What areas of Cohasset do you think could be enhanced by additional open space or recreation opportunities? 8/7/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 - Mon Aug 07 2017 https://awesome-table.com/-KqxQs-0cnkegckYWk4t/view 1/9 189 Timestamp May 15, 2017 May 29, 2017 Jun 12, 2017 Jun 26, 2017 Jul 10, 2017 Jul 24, 2017 0 15 30 45 60 1. How old are you? 34.9% 19.6% 20.1% 21.7% 45-54 years old 34.9% 35-44 years old 21.7% 65 years or older 20.1% 55-64 years old 19.6% 25-34 years old 3.2% Under 18 years old 0.5% 2. How many people, including yourself, live in your household? [Children (<1-12)] - Average: 1.60 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 10 20 30 40 2. How many people, including yourself, live in your household? [Teenagers (13-18)] - Average: 1.18 0 1 2 3 0.0 7.5 15.0 22.5 30.0 8/7/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 - Mon Aug 07 2017 https://awesome-table.com/-KqxQs-0cnkegckYWk4t/view 2/9 2. How many people, including yourself, live in your household? [Adults (19-64)] -Average: 1.99 0 1 2 3 4 0 25 50 75 100 2. How many people, including yourself, live in your household? [Seniors (65+)] -Average: 1.40 0 1 2 4 0.0 7.5 15.0 22.5 30.0 3. How many years have you lived in Cohasset? 44.4% 10.6% 13.8% 13.8% 16.9% 21+ years 44.4% 1-5 years 16.9% 16-20 years 13.8% 6-10 years 13.8% 11-15 years 10.6% <1 year 0.5% 4. Would you support the Town taking the following actions to preserve natural resources and promote recreational opportunities? Please answer for each item. [Purchase of conservation land] 22.5% 74.2%Strongly Support 74.2% Support 22.5% Do Not Support 3.4% 8/7/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 - Mon Aug 07 2017 https://awesome-table.com/-KqxQs-0cnkegckYWk4t/view 3/9 4. Would you support the Town taking the following actions to preserve natural resources and promote recreational opportunities? Please answer for each item. [Purchase of development rights] 46.6% 12.4% 41% Strongly Support 46.6% Support 41% Do Not Support 12.4% 4. Would you support the Town taking the following actions to preserve natural resources and promote recreational opportunities? Please answer for each item. [Purchase of recreational land] 30% 67.2%Strongly Support 67.2% Support 30% Do Not Support 2.8% 4. Would you support the Town taking the following actions to preserve natural resources and promote recreational opportunities? Please answer for each item. [Pursuit of outside funding/grants for conservation/recreati… 11.4% 85.1%Strongly Support 85.1% Support 11.4% Do Not Support 3.4% 4. Would you support the Town taking the following actions to preserve natural resources and promote recreational opportunities? Please answer for each item. [Encourage and support community and regional land trust… 24.6% 72.6%Strongly Support 72.6% Support 24.6% Do Not Support 2.9% 8/7/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 - Mon Aug 07 2017 https://awesome-table.com/-KqxQs-0cnkegckYWk4t/view 4/9 4. Would you support the Town taking the following actions to preserve natural resources and promote recreational opportunities? Please answer for each item. [Encourage conservation by State agencies] 7% 28.5% 64.5%Strongly Support 64.5% Support 28.5% Do Not Support 7% 4. Would you support the Town taking the following actions to preserve natural resources and promote recreational opportunities? Please answer for each item. [Change zoning regulations to enhance open space protect… 10.2% 19.9% 69.9%Strongly Support 69.9% Support 19.9% Do Not Support 10.2% 4. Would you support the Town taking the following actions to preserve natural resources and promote recreational opportunities? Please answer for each item. [Development of information campaigns about open space… 9.7% 28.6% 61.7%Strongly Support 61.7% Support 28.6% Do Not Support 9.7% I do not own land in Cohasset None of the above Putting conservation restrictions on land Putting conservation restrictions on land, Tax Credit/Tax Reduction Selling land to the Town at market rate, Putting conservation restrictions on land, Tax Credit/Tax Reduction Selling land to the Town at market rate Tax Credit/Tax Reduction Donating land to the Town, Selling land to the Town at a bargain price, Selling land to the Town at market rate, Putting conservation restrictions on land, Tax Credit/Tax Reduction Selling land to the Town at market rate, Tax Credit/Tax Reduction Donating land to the Town, Putting conservation restrictions on land Selling land to the Town at market rate, Putting conservation restrictions on land Donating land to the Town, Selling land to the Town at a bargain price, Putting conservation restrictions on land, Tax Credit/Tax Reduction 5. If you own land in Cohasset, would you support conservation of your land in any of the following ways? Select all that apply. 8/7/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 - Mon Aug 07 2017 https://awesome-table.com/-KqxQs-0cnkegckYWk4t/view 5/9 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Sandy Beach ] 29.8% 68.1%I use this place frequently 68.1% I use this place occassionally 29.8% I know of this place, but have not used it 2.1% 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Black Rock Beach] 45.2% 19.7% 34% I use this place occassionally 45.2% I use this place frequently 34% I know of this place, but have not used it 19.7% I do not know of this place nor use it 1.1% 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Wheelwright Park/Cornelia and Richardson White Woods/Barnes Wildlife Sanctuary] 47.1% 10.6% 40.7% I use this place occassionally 47.1% I use this place frequently 40.7% I know of this place, but have not used it 10.6% 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Great Brewster Woods/Deans Meadow] 38.9% 13.5% 14.6% 33% I know of this place, but have not used it 38.9% I use this place occassionally 33% I do not know of this place nor use it 14.6% I use this place frequently 13.5% 8/7/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 - Mon Aug 07 2017 https://awesome-table.com/-KqxQs-0cnkegckYWk4t/view 6/9 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Whitney and Thayer Woods] 45.9% 23.8% 29.2% I use this place occassionally 45.9% I use this place frequently 29.2% I know of this place, but have not used it 23.8% I do not know of this place nor use it 1.1% 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Turkey Hill] 42.8% 8.6% 23.5% 25.1% I use this place occassionally 42.8% I know of this place, but have not used it 25.1% I use this place frequently 23.5% I do not know of this place nor use it 8.6% 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Brass Kettle Watershed] 12.6% 31.1% 54.1% I do not know of this place nor use it 54.1% I know of this place, but have not used it 31.1% I use this place occassionally 12.6% I use this place frequently 2.2% 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Pape Reservation] 9.9% 22.7% 65.7% I do not know of this place nor use it 65.7% I know of this place, but have not used it 22.7% I use this place occassionally 9.9% I use this place frequently 1.7% 8/7/2017 copy of [Addon Advanced summary] Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 - Mon Aug 07 2017 https://awesome-table.com/-KqxQs-0cnkegckYWk4t/view 7/9 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Ingram Park] 42.5% 16% 36.5% I know of this place, but have not used it 42.5% I do not know of this place nor use it 36.5% I use this place occassionally 16% I use this place frequently 5% 6. Which conservation lands in Cohasset have you heard of and which do you use? Please answer for all facilities. [Elms Meadow/Duck Pond] 48.6% 18.2% 28.7% I do not know of this place nor use it 48.6% I know of this place, but have not used it 28.7% I use this place occassionally 18.2% I use this place frequently 4.4% opendevelopment noticed town homes space land increased largehouses cohassetover conservation years being character more spaces marked estate cuttingtrees none storage less well great woods along water changes views park past ledge clearcommercial brewster very easy navigate going want frequent used hull roads beechwood trust amount construction much developments major built poop whitney presence think data live route developed trash trail need public signage huge walk ingram residences size clark occasionallydestroyed many toll replaced property boardlooking acquired wrong release granted scituatecitizens future done good discussing preservation passing scenic upscale awareness known builders weak management guidelines money tempting findingkeeping duringacquisition process hard version facility preserve building high dwindling ones remain suffering kids womoatuck spray painting rocks visible bound brook trails residential encroaching decrease unnecessary constuction several tracts prominent last subdivided eviscerated biota without legacy increase subject loss bare restrictions stopped allowing dogs progressives trying exert buildings sooo dense care feel maintained retain heavily pets losing sought build rain rate totally Do not have the information about where they are located Do not have the information about where they are located, I do not have trail information I do not have trail information Lack of parking Do not have the information about where they are located, I do not have trail information, Safety concerns Do not have the information about where they are located, Lack of parking Do not have the information about where they are located, Lack of parking, I do not have trail information, Safety concerns Don't need personally Safety concerns Busy elsewhere Do not have the information about where they are located, Fear of lyme disease Do not have the information about where they are located, Lack of parking, I do not have trail information 8. If you do not use Cohasset's conservation land and recreational facilities, why not? Select all that apply. 8/7/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 - Mon Aug 07 2017 https://awesome-table.com/-KqxQs-0cnkegckYWk4t/view 8/9 9. How satisfied are you with current recreational programs and facilities for the following age groups? [1-4 year olds] 40.3% 9.7% 15.6% 34.4% Satisfied 40.3% Not Important to Me 34.4% Very Satisfied 15.6% Not Satisfied 9.7% 9. How satisfied are you with current recreational programs and facilities for the following age groups? [5-9 year olds] 43.2% 8.6% 22.8% 25.3% Satisfied 43.2% Not Important to Me 25.3% Very Satisfied 22.8% Not Satisfied 8.6% 9. How satisfied are you with current recreational programs and facilities for the following age groups? [10-12 year olds] 43.9% 12.3% 17.4% 26.5% Satisfied 43.9% Not Important to Me 26.5% Very Satisfied 17.4% Not Satisfied 12.3% 9. How satisfied are you with current recreational programs and facilities for the following age groups? [Teenagers] 33.8% 7.6% 26.1% 32.5% Not Satisfied 33.8% Satisfied 32.5% Not Important to Me 26.1% Very Satisfied 7.6% 8/7/2017 Cohasset OSRP Survey 2017 - Mon Aug 07 2017 https://awesome-table.com/-KqxQs-0cnkegckYWk4t/view 9/9 9. How satisfied are you with current recreational programs and facilities for the following age groups? [Adults] 49.1% 14.7% 15.3% 20.9% Satisfied 49.1% Not Satisfied 20.9% Very Satisfied 15.3% Not Important to Me 14.7% 9. How satisfied are you with current recreational programs and facilities for the following age groups? [Seniors] 40.1% 12.1% 17.2% 30.6% Satisfied 40.1% Not Important to Me 30.6% Very Satisfied 17.2% Not Satisfied 12.1% moretown parkskating programs great spaceteenssafe open kids need sports fields courtschildren bike access outdoorskate basketball facilities runningteen better harbor sidewalks welcome teenagerscenter community tennis senior specific sport james island feel games field done already facility recreational family water areas opportunities biking walking very make needs library hikes programming small parents enough fight practice maybe such near place towns camp beechwood night playground indoor provide pool think paths grill survey board nice spot love wish little reasonknow october races earlier options unspoiled development starting tweens hull densityresedent pump weekend dearth memorial working nearby mess growing offered clubs team each related times same court time especially younger players teams girls renting schools guided ocean hiking roller blade groups marshfield pick dairy webster catering responsive supervision cost examples outs contests sorts movie garden commons large club contest rink limit land 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. [Rural, small town character, narrow roads] 10.7% 33.9%55.4%Very Important 55.4% Important 33.9% Not Important 10.7% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Sense of community] Not Important 0.5% Important 19.9% Very Important 79.6% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Roadside trees and stone walls] Not Important 4.9% Important 25.5% Very Important 696% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Scenic views and/or land] Not Important 1.6% Important Very Important 85.5% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Agricultural lands/pastures] Not Important 8.6% Important Very Important 371% 54.3% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Forests] Not Important 2.7% Important 265% Very Important 70.8% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Lakes, rivers, and other water bodies] Not Important 11% Important 22.5% Very Important 76.4% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Wildlife] Not Important 6% Important 29.3% Very Important 64.7% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. [Harbor] Important 8.6% Very Important 914% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Town-owned recreation areas (sports fields, playgrounds, parks, trails, swimming areas, etc.)] Not Important 3.2% Important 29% Very Important 67 7% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. [Privately-owned recreation areas] Very Important 21% Important 414% Not Important 37 6% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (State-owned recreation areas] Not Important 14% Important Very Important 53.8% 32.3% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Biodiversity, support of native plants] Not Important 97% Very Important Important 51.1% 39.2% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Control of invasive plants] Not Important 8.6% Important 30.6% Very Important 60.8% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. [Hiking, biking, walking trails, questing] Not Important 1.6% Important 225% Very Important 75.9% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Water-based recreational activities (boating, fishing, swimming, etc.)] Not Important 11% Important 27.2% Very Important 71.7% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. [Organized recreation/athletic activities (sports leagues, programs, etc.)] Not Important 8.6% Very Important Important 48.6% 42.7% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. (Cultural/art events] Not Important 54% Important 36.8% Very Important 57.8% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. [Climate change awareness] Not Important 17.8% Very Important Important 53.5% 28.6% 11. How important are the following items to you? Please answer for all items. {Alternative energy (wind turbines, etc.)] Not Important 16.3% Very Important 46.7% Important 37% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Bicycle/pedestrian paths)Do not need 3.2% Sufficient 19.9% Need more 76.9% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Neighborhood playgrounds] Do not need 121% Need more 231% Sufficient 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Picnic areas] Do not need 13.6% 64.8% Sufficient 48.3% Need more 38.1% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Conservation areas] Do not need 2.8% Sufficient Need more 46.9% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Multipurpose athletic fields] Do not need 8.9% Need more 26.7% 50.3% Sufficient 64.4% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Tennis courts] Do not need 6% Need more 291% Sufficient 64.8% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Wildlife viewing/birdwatching] Do not need 10.1% Need more 24% Sufficient 65.9% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Beach recreation] Do not need 4.3% Need more 20.1% Sufficient 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Golf course] Need more 14.5% Do not need 75.5% 24% Sufficient 61.5% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Boat ramps/launches) Do not need 3.9% Need more 36.3% Sufficient 59.8% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Baseball/Softball fields) Do not need 12.4% Need more 14% Sufficient 73.6% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Boat moorings) Do not need 5.1% Sufficient 37.1% Need more 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Dog walking access) Do not need 11 8% Need more 57.9% 26.4% Sufficient 618% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (River access for canoes and kayaks] Do not need 9% Sufficient Need more 36% 55.1% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Senior Center] Do not need 10.6% Need more 14.4% Sufficient 75% 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Fishing/shellfishing] Do not need 5.7% Need more 29.9% Sufficient 12. Please rate the following recreational facility types in Cohasset based on adequacy/availability. (Teen Center/Recreation Center ( Garage)] Do not need 5.7% 64.4% Sufficient Need more 50% 44.3% Appendix C Cohasset Buildout Summary Information Appendix D Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Information   BioMap2     CONSERVING THE BIODIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS IN A CHANGING WORLD       Cohasset  Produced in 2012      This report and associated map provide information about  important sites for biodiversity conservation in your area.  This information is intended for conservation planning, and is  not intended for use in state regulations.          Nat &  Spe BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    ural Heritage  Endangered   cies Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.      Table of Contents    Introduction  What is BioMap2 – Purpose and applications  One plan, two components  Understanding Core Habitat and its components  Understanding Critical Natural Landscape and its components  Understanding Core Habitat and Critical Natural Landscape Summaries  Sources of Additional Information  Cohasset Overview  Core Habitat and Critical Natural Landscape Summaries  Elements of BioMap2 Cores  Core Habitat Summaries  Elements of BioMap2 Critical Natural Landscapes  Critical Natural Landscape Summaries      BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    Introduction  The Massachusetts Department of Fish & Game,  through the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife’s  Natural Heritage & Endangered Species  Program (NHESP), and The Nature  Conservancy’s Massachusetts Program  developed BioMap2 to protect the state’s  biodiversity in the context of climate change.  BioMap2 combines NHESP’s 30 years of  rigorously documented rare species and natural  community data with spatial data identifying  wildlife species and habitats that were the focus  of the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife’s 2005  State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP). BioMap2 also  integrates The Nature Conservancy’s assessment  of large, well‐connected, and intact ecosystems  and landscapes across the Commonwealth,  incorporating concepts of ecosystem resilience  to address anticipated climate change impacts.  Get your copy of the BioMap2 report! Download from www.mass.gov/nhesp or contact Natural Heritage at 508-389-6360 or natural.heritage@state.ma.us. Protection and stewardship of BioMap2 Core  Habitat and Critical Natural Landscape is  essential to safeguard the diversity of species  and their habitats, intact ecosystems, and  resilient natural landscapes across  Massachusetts.  What Does Status Mean?  The Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  determines a status category for each rare  species listed under the Massachusetts  Endangered Species Act, M.G.L. c.131A, and its  implementing regulations 321 CMR 10.00.  Rare  species are categorized as Endangered,  Threatened or of Special Concern according to  the following:  • Endangered species are in danger of  extinction throughout all or a significant  portion of their range or are in danger of  extirpation from Massachusetts.  • Threatened species are likely to become  Endangered in Massachusetts in the  foreseeable future throughout all or a  significant portion of their range.  • Special Concern species have suffered a  decline that could threaten the species if  allowed to continue unchecked or occur in  such small numbers or with such restricted  distribution or specialized habitat  requirements that they could easily become  Threatened in Massachusetts.  In addition NHESP maintains an unofficial  watch list of plants that are tracked due to  potential conservation interest or concern, but  are not regulated under the Massachusetts  Endangered Species Act or other laws or  regulations.  Likewise, described natural  communities are not regulated by any law or  regulations, but they can help to identify  BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    ecologically important areas that are worthy of  protection.  The status of natural communities  reflects the documented number and acreages of  each community type in the state:  • Critically Imperiled communities typically  have 5 or fewer documented sites or have  very few remaining acres in the state.  • Imperiled communities typically have 6‐20  sites or few remaining acres in the state.  • Vulnerable communities typically have 21‐ 100 sites or limited acreage across the state.  • Secure communities typically have over 100  sites or abundant acreage across the state;  however, excellent examples are identified  as Core Habit to ensure continued  protection.  In 2005 the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries  and Wildlife completed a comprehensive State  Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP) documenting the  status of Massachusetts wildlife and providing  recommendations to help guide wildlife  conservation decision‐making.  SWAP includes  all the wildlife species listed under the  Massachusetts Endangered Species Act (MESA),  as well as more than 80 species that need  conservation attention but do not meet the  requirements for inclusion under MESA.  The  SWAP document is organized around habitat  types in need of conservation within the  Commonwealth.  While the original BioMap  focused primarily on rare species protected  under MESA, BioMap2 also addresses other  Species of Conservation Concern, their habitats,  and the ecosystems that support them to create a  spatial representation of most of the elements of  SWAP.  BioMap2: One Plan, Two Components  BioMap2 identifies two complementary spatial  layers, Core Habitat and Critical Natural  Landscape.   Core Habitat identifies key areas that are critical  for the long‐term persistence of rare species and  other Species of Conservation Concern, as well  as a wide diversity of natural communities and  intact ecosystems across the Commonwealth.  Protection of Core Habitats will contribute to the  conservation of specific elements of biodiversity.   Critical Natural Landscape identifies large  natural Landscape Blocks that are minimally  impacted by development. If protected, these  areas will provide habitat for wide‐ranging  native species, support intact ecological  processes, maintain connectivity among  habitats, and enhance ecological resilience to  natural and anthropogenic disturbances in a  rapidly changing world. Areas delineated as  Critical Natural Landscape also include  buffering upland around wetland, coastal, and  aquatic Core Habitats to help ensure their long‐ term integrity.   The long‐term persistence of Massachusetts  biological resources requires a determined  commitment to land and water conservation.  Protection and stewardship of both Critical  Natural Landscapes and Core Habitats are  needed to realize the biodiversity conservation  vision of BioMap2.  Components of Core Habitat  Core Habitat identifies specific areas necessary  to promote the long‐term persistence of rare  species, other Species of Conservation Concern,  exemplary natural communities, and intact  ecosystems.   Rare Species  There are 432 native plant and animal species  listed as Endangered, Threatened or Special  Concern under the Massachusetts Endangered  Species Act (MESA) based on their rarity,  population trends, and threats to survival. For   BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Table 1. Species of Conservation Concern  described in the State Wildlife Action Plan  and/or included on the MESA List and for which  habitat was mapped in BioMap2.  Note that  plants are not included in SWAP, and that  marine species such as whales and sea turtles  are not included in BioMap2.    Taxonomic  Group  MESA‐ listed  Species  Non‐listed Species  of Conservation  Concern  Mammals 4 5  Birds 27 23  Reptiles 10 5  Amphibians 4 3  Fish 10 17  Invertebrates 102 9  Plants 256 0  Total 413 62 Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.      BioMap2, NHESP staff identified the highest  quality habitat sites for each non‐marine species  based on size, condition, and landscape context.  Other Species of Conservation Concern   In addition to species on the MESA List  described previously, the State Wildlife Action  Plan (SWAP) identifies 257 wildlife species and  22 natural habitats most in need of conservation  within the Commonwealth. BioMap2 includes  species‐specific habitat areas for 45 of these  species and habitat for 17 additional species  which was mapped with other coarse‐filter and  fine‐filter approaches.  Priority Natural Communities   Natural communities are assemblages of plant  and animal species that share a common  environment and occur together repeatedly on  the landscape. BioMap2 gives conservation  priority to natural communities with limited  distribution and to the best examples of more  common types.  Vernal Pools   Vernal pools are small, seasonal wetlands that  provide important wildlife habitat, especially for  amphibians and invertebrate animals that use  them to breed. BioMap2 identifies the top 5  percent most interconnected clusters of Potential  Vernal Pools in the state.  Forest Cores   In BioMap2, Core Habitat includes the best  examples of large, intact forests that are least  impacted by roads and development, providing  critical habitat for numerous woodland species.  For example, the interior forest habitat defined  by Forest Cores supports many bird species  sensitive to the impacts of roads and  development, such as the Black‐throated Green  Warbler, and helps maintain ecological  processes found only in unfragmented forest  patches.  Wetland Cores   BioMap2 used an assessment of Ecological  Integrity to identify the least disturbed wetlands  in the state within undeveloped landscapes— those with intact buffers and little fragmentation  or other stressors associated with development.  These wetlands are most likely to support  critical wetland functions (i.e., natural  hydrologic conditions, diverse plant and animal  habitats, etc.) and are most likely to maintain  these functions into the future.  Aquatic Cores   To delineate integrated and functional  ecosystems for fish species and other aquatic  BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    Species of Conservation Concern, beyond the  species and exemplary habitats described above,  BioMap2 identifies intact river corridors within  which important physical and ecological  processes of the river or stream occur.   Components of Critical Natural Landscape  Critical Natural Landscape identifies intact  landscapes in Massachusetts that are better able  to support ecological processes and disturbance  regimes, and a wide array of species and  habitats over long time frames.   Landscape Blocks  BioMap2 identifies the most intact large areas of  predominately natural vegetation, consisting of  contiguous forests, wetlands, rivers, lakes, and  ponds, as well as coastal habitats such as barrier  beaches and salt marshes.    Upland Buffers of Wetland and Aquatic  Cores  A variety of analyses were used to identify  protective upland buffers around wetlands and  rivers.   Upland Habitat to Support Coastal  Adaptation  BioMap2 identifies undeveloped lands adjacent  to and up to one and a half meters above  existing salt marshes as Critical Natural  Landscapes with high potential to support  inland migration of salt marsh and other coastal  habitats over the coming century.   The conservation areas identified by BioMap2  are based on breadth and depth of data,  scientific expertise, and understanding of  Massachusetts’ biodiversity. The numerous  sources of information and analyses used to  Legal Protection of Biodiversity  BioMap2 presents a powerful vision of what  Massachusetts would look like with full  protection of the land most important for  supporting the Commonwealth’s biodiversity.  While BioMap2 is a planning tool with no  regulatory function, all state‐listed species enjoy  legal protection under the Massachusetts  Endangered Species Act For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.     (M.G.L. c.131A) and its  implementing regulations (321 CMR 10.00).   Wetland habitat of state‐listed wildlife is also  protected under the Wetlands Protection Act  Regulations (310 CMR 10.00).  The Natural  Heritage Atlas contains maps of Priority Habitats  and Estimated Habitats, which are used,  respectively, for regulation under the  Massachusetts Endangered Species Act  and the  Wetlands Protection Act.  For more information  on rare species regulations, and to view Priority  and Estimated Habitat maps, please see the  Regulatory Review page at  http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/dfg/dfw/natur al‐heritage/regulatory‐review/.  BioMap2 is a conservation planning tool that  does not, in any way, supplant the Estimated  and Priority Habitat Maps which have  regulatory significance. Unless and until the  BioMap2 vision is fully realized, we must  continue to protect our most imperiled species  and their habitats.  create Core Habitat and Critical Natural  Landscape are complementary, and outline a  comprehensive conservation vision for  Massachusetts, from rare species to intact  landscapes.  In total, these robust analyses  define a suite of priority lands and waters that, if  permanently protected, will support  Massachusetts’ natural systems for generations  to come.  S BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   pecies Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    Understanding Core Habitat Summaries  Following the Town Overview, there is a  descriptive summary of each Core Habitat and  Critical Natural Landscape that occurs in your  city or town.  These summaries highlight some  of the outstanding characteristics of each Core  Habitat and Critical Natural Landscape, and  will help you learn more about your city or  town’s biodiversity.  You can find out more  information about many of these species and  natural communities by looking at specific fact  sheets at www.mass.gov/nhesp.  Additional Information  For copies of the full BioMap2 report, the  Technical Report, and an interactive mapping  tool, visit the BioMap2 website via the Land  Protection and Planning tab at  www.mass.gov/nhesp.  If you have any  questions about this report, or if you need help  protecting land for biodiversity in your  community, the Natural Heritage & Endangered  Species Program staff looks forward to working  with you.    Contact the Natural Heritage & Endangered  Species Program   By phone 508‐389‐6360  By fax 508‐389‐7890  By email natural.heritage@state.ma.us  By Mail 100 Hartwell Street, Suite 230    West Boylston, MA 01583  The GIS datalayers of BioMap2 are available for  download from MassGIS at  www.mass.gov/mgis.    BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    Town Overview  Cohasset lies on the border of the Boston Basin and  the Southern New England Coastal Plains and  Hills Ecoregions.  The Boston Basin Ecoregion is an  area defined by a rim of low hills and outlying  hilly suburban towns. The basin itself has low  rolling topography and numerous urban  reservoirs, lakes, and ponds. The flat areas were  once tilled, but are now almost exclusively urban  and suburban developments.  The Southern New  England Coastal Plains and Hills Ecoregion is  comprised of plains with a few low hills. Forests  are mainly central hardwoods with some transition  hardwoods and some elm‐ash‐red maple and red  and white pine. Many major rivers drain this area.        Cohasset at a Glance  • Total Area: 6,437 acres (10.1 square miles)  • Human Population in 2010: 7,542  • Open space protected in perpetuity: 1,800  acres, or 28.0% percent of total area*  • BioMap2 Core Habitat: 1,483 acres  • BioMap2 Core Habitat Protected: 1,126 acres  or 75.9%  • BioMap2 Critical Natural Landscape: 1,658  acres  • BioMap2 Critical Natural Landscape  Protected: 1,307 acres or 78.9%.  BioMap2 Components  Core Habitats  • 1 Forest Core  • 6 Wetland Cores  • 2Aquatic Cores  • 1 Vernal Pool Core  • 8 Species of Conservation Concern Cores**  o 1 reptile, 2 insects, 1 plant   Critical Natural Landscape  • 1 Landscape Block  • 4 Wetland Core Buffers  • 2 Aquatic Core Buffers  • 5 Coastal Adaptation Areas  • 1Tern Foraging Area    * Calculated using MassGIS data layer “Protected  and Recreational Open Space—March, 2012”.  ** See next pages for complete list of species,  natural communities and other biodiversity  elements.  For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    BioMap2 Core Habitat and Critical Natural Landscape in Cohasset   For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    S BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   pecies Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    Species of Conservation Concern, Priority and Exemplary Natural Communities,  and Other Elements of Biodiversity in Cohasset    Insects  Damselflies  Attenuated Bluet, (Enallagma daeckii), T  Dragonflies  Umber Shadowdragon, (Neurocordulia obsoleta), SC  Reptiles  Northern Black Racer, (Coluber constrictor), Non‐listed SWAP  Plants  Swamp Dock, (Rumex verticillatus), T    Other BioMap2 Components  Forest Core  Aquatic Core  Wetland Core  Vernal Pool Core  Landscape Block  Aquatic Core Buffer  Wetland Core Buffer  Coastal Adaptation Area  Tern Foraging Area      E  = Endangered  T  = Threatened  SC  = Special Concern  S1  = Critically Imperiled communities, typically 5 or fewer documented sites or very few remaining  acres in the state.  S2  = Imperiled communities, typically 6‐20 sites or few remaining acres in the state.  S3  = Vulnerable communities, typically have 21‐100 sites or limited acreage across the state.  BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World  Na Sp   tural Heritage  & Endangered   ecies Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    BioMap2 Core Habitat in Cohasset  Core IDs correspond with the following element lists and summaries.  For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    N S BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    atural Heritage  & Endangered   pecies Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    Elements of BioMap2 Cores  This section lists all elements of BioMap2 Cores that fall entirely or partially within Cohasset.  The elements  listed here may not occur within the bounds of Cohasset.  Core 1452   Wetland Core    Species of Conservation Concern   Northern Black Racer Coluber constrictor Non‐listed SWAP  Core 1472   Aquatic Core    Species of Conservation Concern   Swamp Dock Rumex verticillatus T  Core 1506   Forest Core     Wetland Core     Vernal Pool Core    Species of Conservation Concern   Attenuated Bluet Enallagma daeckii T   Umber Shadowdragon Neurocordulia obsoleta SC   Eastern Hognose Snake Heterodon platirhinos Non‐listed SWAP   Northern Black Racer Coluber constrictor Non‐listed SWAP  Core 1519   Aquatic Core   Species of Conservation Concern     Swamp Dock Rumex verticillatus T    BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    Core Habitat Summaries  Core 1452  A 16‐acre Core Habitat featuring Wetland Core and a Species of Conservation Concern.  Wetland Cores are the least disturbed wetlands in the state within undeveloped landscapes—those with  intact buffers and little fragmentation or other stressors associated with development. These wetlands are  most likely to support critical wetland functions (i.e., natural hydrologic conditions, diverse plant and  animal habitats, etc.) and are most likely to maintain these functions into the future.  The Northern Black Racer is a snake of young upland forests, shrublands such as pitch pine/scrub oak  communities and rock cliffs. Although relatively common, its range appears to be constricting and its  abundance has been declining.  Core 1472  A 49‐acre Core Habitat featuring Aquatic Core and a Species of Conservation Concern.  Aquatic Cores are intact river corridors within which important physical and ecological processes of the  river or stream occur.  They delineate integrated and functional ecosystems for fish species and other  aquatic Species of Conservation Concern.  Swamp Dock is a tall, herbaceous perennial of swamps and wet lowland woods, with numerous,  inconspicuous, drooping green flowers. Swamp Dock is found in water or in places that are periodically  flooded, such as stream and river floodplains, swamps, marshy shores and drainage or irrigation ditches,  and possibly brackish situations.  Core 1506  A 2,415‐acre Core Habitat featuring Forest Core, Wetland Core, Vernal Pool Core, and Species of  Conservation Concern.  Forest Cores are the best examples of large, intact forests that are least impacted by roads and  development.  Forest Cores support many bird species sensitive to the impacts of roads and development  and help maintain ecological processes found only in unfragmented forest patches.  This 1,752‐acre Forest Core is the sixth largest in the ecoregion and provides important and relatively  large forest interior habitat in highly developed eastern Massachusetts.  Wetland Cores are the least disturbed wetlands in the state within undeveloped landscapes—those with  intact buffers and little fragmentation or other stressors associated with development. These wetlands are  most likely to support critical wetland functions (i.e., natural hydrologic conditions, diverse plant and  animal habitats, etc.) and are most likely to maintain these functions into the future.  Vernal pools are small, seasonal wetlands that provide important wildlife habitat, especially for  amphibians and invertebrate animals that use them to breed. BioMap2 identifies the top 5 percent most  interconnected clusters of Potential Vernal Pools in the state.  BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    Attenuated Bluets are small blue damselflies with exceptionally long abdomens. They inhabit a variety of  types of wetlands.   Umber Shadowdragons are dragonflies that are found on lakes with rocky shores and medium to large  rivers that have relatively little aquatic vegetation.  Shadowdragons fly only at dusk when they feed and  mate in a frenzy of activity.  Eastern Hognose Snakes are shy, slow‐moving, thick‐bodied snakes that specialize in feeding on toads,  although they eat other amphibians or other small animals as well. They require sandy soils in their  habitat; both wooded and open habitats are known.  The Northern Black Racer is a snake of young upland forests, shrublands such as pitch pine/scrub oak  communities and rock cliffs. Although relatively common, its range appears to be constricting and its  abundance has been declining.  Core 1519  A 47‐acre Core Habitat featuring Aquatic Core and a Species of Conservation Concern.  Aquatic Cores are intact river corridors within which important physical and ecological processes of the  river or stream occur.  They delineate integrated and functional ecosystems for fish species and other  aquatic Species of Conservation Concern.  Swamp Dock is a tall, herbaceous perennial of swamps and wet lowland woods, with numerous,  inconspicuous, drooping green flowers. Swamp Dock is found in water or in places that are periodically  flooded, such as stream and river floodplains, swamps, marshy shores and drainage or irrigation ditches,  and possibly brackish situations.    BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890      BioMap2 Critical Natural Landscape in Cohasset   Critical Natural Landscape IDs correspond with the following element lists and summaries.  For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    N S BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    atural Heritage  & Endangered   pecies Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    Elements of BioMap2 Critical Natural Landscapes  This section lists all elements of BioMap2 Critical Natural Landscapes that fall entirely or partially within  Cohasset.  The elements listed here may not occur within the bounds of Cohasset.  CNL 731   Aquatic Core Buffer  CNL 732   Coastal Adaptation Area  CNL 745   Coastal Adaptation Area  CNL 749   Coastal Adaptation Area  CNL 751   Aquatic Core Buffer   Landscape Block   Wetland Core Buffer  CNL 752   Coastal Adaptation Area  CNL 753   Coastal Adaptation Area  CNL 765   Aquatic Core Buffer  CNL 793   Coastal Adaptation Area  CNL 811   Coastal Adaptation Area   Tern Foraging Area       S BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   pecies Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    Critical Natural Landscape Summaries  CNL 731  A 73‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Aquatic Core Buffer.  A variety of analyses were used to identify protective upland buffers around wetlands and rivers. One,  the variable width buffers methodology, included the most intact areas around each wetland and river,  by extending deeper into surrounding unfragmented habitats than into developed areas adjacent to each  wetland.  Other upland buffers were identified through the rare species habitat analysis.  In this way, the  conservation of wetland buffers will support the habitats and functionality of each wetland, and also  include adjacent uplands that are important for many species that move between habitat types.    CNL 732  A 44‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Coastal Adaptation Area.  The coastal habitats of Massachusetts are particularly vulnerable to potential sea‐level rise in the next  century, which many estimates suggest is likely to exceed one meter. Therefore, in addition to prioritizing  current coastal habitats, the creators of BioMap2 examined the landward side of salt marshes to determine  where these habitats might move to as sea levels rise. Undeveloped lands adjacent to and up to one and a  half meters above existing salt marshes were identified, and included as Critical Natural Landscapes with  high potential to support inland migration of salt marsh and other coastal habitats over the coming  century.  CNL 745  A 48‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Coastal Adaptation Area.  The coastal habitats of Massachusetts are particularly vulnerable to potential sea‐level rise in the next  century, which many estimates suggest is likely to exceed one meter. Therefore, in addition to prioritizing  current coastal habitats, the creators of BioMap2 examined the landward side of salt marshes to determine  where these habitats might move to as sea levels rise. Undeveloped lands adjacent to and up to one and a  half meters above existing salt marshes were identified, and included as Critical Natural Landscapes with  high potential to support inland migration of salt marsh and other coastal habitats over the coming  century.  CNL 749  A 10‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Coastal Adaptation Area.  The coastal habitats of Massachusetts are particularly vulnerable to potential sea‐level rise in the next  century, which many estimates suggest is likely to exceed one meter. Therefore, in addition to prioritizing  current coastal habitats, the creators of BioMap2 examined the landward side of salt marshes to determine  where these habitats might move to as sea levels rise. Undeveloped lands adjacent to and up to one and a  half meters above existing salt marshes were identified, and included as Critical Natural Landscapes with  high potential to support inland migration of salt marsh and other coastal habitats over the coming  century.  N S BioMap2  Conserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    atural Heritage  & Endangered   pecies Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    CNL 751  A 4,735‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Aquatic Core Buffer, Wetland Core Buffer and  Landscape Block.  A variety of analyses were used to identify protective upland buffers around wetlands and rivers. One,  the variable width buffers methodology, included the most intact areas around each wetland and river,  by extending deeper into surrounding unfragmented habitats than into developed areas adjacent to each  wetland.  Other upland buffers were identified through the rare species habitat analysis.  In this way, the  conservation of wetland buffers will support the habitats and functionality of each wetland, and also  include adjacent uplands that are important for many species that move between habitat types.    Landscape Blocks, the primary component of Critical Natural Landscapes, are large areas of intact  predominately natural vegetation, consisting of contiguous forests, wetlands, rivers, lakes, and ponds, as  well as coastal habitats such as barrier beaches and salt marshes. Pastures and power‐line rights‐of‐way,  which are less intensively altered than most developed areas, were also included since they provide  habitat and connectivity for many species. Collectively, these natural cover types total 3.6 million acres  across the state. An Ecological Integrity assessment was used to identify the most intact and least  fragmented areas. These large Landscape Blocks are most likely to maintain dynamic ecological processes  such as buffering, connectivity, natural disturbance, and hydrological regimes, all of which help to  support wide‐ranging wildlife species and many other elements of biodiversity.  In order to identify critical Landscape Blocks in each ecoregion, different Ecological Integrity thresholds  were used to select the largest intact landscape patches in each ecoregion while avoiding altered habitat  as much as possible. This ecoregional representation accomplishes a key goal of BioMap2 to protect the  ecological stages that support a broad suite of biodiversity in the context of climate change. Blocks were  defined by major roads, and minimum size thresholds differed among ecoregions to ensure that BioMap2  includes the best of the best in each ecoregion.  This 4,541‐acre Landscape Block is the twelfth largest of 62 Blocks in the ecoregion, largely forested but  including over 25% important wetland habitat as well.  CNL 752  A 4‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Coastal Adaptation Area.  The coastal habitats of Massachusetts are particularly vulnerable to potential sea‐level rise in the next  century, which many estimates suggest is likely to exceed one meter. Therefore, in addition to prioritizing  current coastal habitats, the creators of BioMap2 examined the landward side of salt marshes to determine  where these habitats might move to as sea levels rise. Undeveloped lands adjacent to and up to one and a  half meters above existing salt marshes were identified, and included as Critical Natural Landscapes with  high potential to support inland migration of salt marsh and other coastal habitats over the coming  century.  CNL 753  A 1‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Coastal Adaptation Area.  The coastal habitats of Massachusetts are particularly vulnerable to potential sea‐level rise in the next  century, which many estimates suggest is likely to exceed one meter. Therefore, in addition to prioritizing  Bio Co Map2  nserving the Biodiversity of Massachusetts in a Changing World    Natural Heritage  & Endangered   Species Program   Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife  1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA 01581  phone: 508‐389‐6360  fax: 508‐389‐7890    For more information on rare species and natural communities, please see our fact sheets online at www.mass.gov/nhesp.    current coastal habitats, the creators of BioMap2 examined the landward side of salt marshes to determine  where these habitats might move to as sea levels rise. Undeveloped lands adjacent to and up to one and a  half meters above existing salt marshes were identified, and included as Critical Natural Landscapes with  high potential to support inland migration of salt marsh and other coastal habitats over the coming  century.  CNL 765  A 70‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Aquatic Core Buffer.  A variety of analyses were used to identify protective upland buffers around wetlands and rivers. One,  the variable width buffers methodology, included the most intact areas around each wetland and river,  by extending deeper into surrounding unfragmented habitats than into developed areas adjacent to each  wetland.  Other upland buffers were identified through the rare species habitat analysis.  In this way, the  conservation of wetland buffers will support the habitats and functionality of each wetland, and also  include adjacent uplands that are important for many species that move between habitat types.    CNL 793  A 13‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Coastal Adaptation Area.  The coastal habitats of Massachusetts are particularly vulnerable to potential sea‐level rise in the next  century, which many estimates suggest is likely to exceed one meter. Therefore, in addition to prioritizing  current coastal habitats, the creators of BioMap2 examined the landward side of salt marshes to determine  where these habitats might move to as sea levels rise. Undeveloped lands adjacent to and up to one and a  half meters above existing salt marshes were identified, and included as Critical Natural Landscapes with  high potential to support inland migration of salt marsh and other coastal habitats over the coming  century.  CNL 811  A 1,545‐acre Critical Natural Landscape featuring Coastal Adaptation Area and Tern Foraging Area.  The coastal habitats of Massachusetts are particularly vulnerable to potential sea‐level rise in the next  century, which many estimates suggest is likely to exceed one meter. Therefore, in addition to prioritizing  current coastal habitats, the creators of BioMap2 examined the landward side of salt marshes to determine  where these habitats might move to as sea levels rise. Undeveloped lands adjacent to and up to one and a  half meters above existing salt marshes were identified, and included as Critical Natural Landscapes with  high potential to support inland migration of salt marsh and other coastal habitats over the coming  century.  Terns range widely from their breeding colonies to forage.  While the breeding and staging areas for  Roseate, Arctic, Common, and Least Terns were included in the Species of Conservation Concern Core  Habitat for BioMap2, tern foraging areas were included in BioMap2 as part of Critical Natural Landscape.   The extent of foraging habitat for Arctic, Common, and Roseate Terns depends on the size of the breeding  colony.  For Least Tern, all shallow marine and estuarine waters within 2 miles of recent colony sites and  up to 1 mile offshore were mapped as foraging habitat.                                                  Help Save Endangered Wildlife!  Please contribute on your Massachusetts income tax form or directly to the   Natural Heritage &  Endangered Species Fund  To learn more about the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program  and the Commonwealth’s rare species, visit our web site at www.mass.gov/nhesp.      Appendix E State and National Designated Historic Sites Search Results https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/SearchResults/892c29ce4a5b4ee79f9df0df34e6a43b?view=list[10/16/2018 10:38:39 AM] Photos Text Name Cohasset Central Cemetery Cohasset Common Historic District Government Island Historic District Hagerty, Josephine M., House Lothrop, Caleb, House National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Digital Archive on NPGallery Search Advanced Search Download Center About Your search returned 7 results, Showing page 1 of 1, Items 1 through 7 List View Search Results https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/SearchResults/892c29ce4a5b4ee79f9df0df34e6a43b?view=list[10/16/2018 10:38:39 AM] Pratt Historic Building Wilson, Capt. John, House and Bates Ship Chandlery List View National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior ACCESSIBILITY |PRIVACY POLICY |FOIA |NOTICES |DISCLAIMER FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |NO FEAR ACT |CONTACT US |USA.GOV  FACEBOOK  TWITTER  NEWS RELEASES  YOUTUBE  INSTAGRAM  FLICKR  ITUNES Ref# Historic Name Other Name(s) Listing Date CityCounty State AddressRestricted Significant Person Architect Request Type Status Secondary Code02001612 Cohasset Central Cemetery12/27/2002 Cohasset Norfolk MA N. Main St. and Joy Place FALSESingle Listed DATE RECEIVED/PENDING NOMINATION02001614 Wilson, Capt. John, House and Bates Ship Chandlery Cohasset Historic Society Museum 12/27/2002 Cohasset Norfolk MA 4 Elm St.FALSE Nicholas, David Single Listed DATE RECEIVED/PENDING NOMINATION06000816 Pratt Historic Building Paul Pratt Memorial Library; Cohasset Free Public Library 9/7/2006 Cohasset Norfolk MA 106‐110 South Main St.FALSE Nichols, Edward; Reddie, MacIvor Single Listed ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION; DATE RECEIVED/PENDING NOMINATION; ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION76000269 Lothrop, Caleb, House5/3/1976 Cohasset Norfolk MA 14 Summer St.FALSE Lothrop,Caleb Unknown Single Listed94000424 Government Island Historic District Minot's Ledge Lighthouse Shore Station, Gulf Island;US Light 5/12/1994 Cohasset Norfolk MA Border St.FALSE Totten, Joseph G.; Alexander, Barton S. Single Listed DATE RECEIVED/PENDING NOMINATION96000058 Cohasset Common Historic District2/28/1996 Cohasset Norfolk MA Bounded by Highland Ave., N. Main St., William B. Long, Jr., Rd. and Robert E. Jason Rd. FALSE Cram, Goodhue &amp; Ferguson; Stutson, JamesSingle Listed DATE RECEIVED/PENDING NOMINATION97000529 Hagerty, Josephine M., House6/4/1997 Cohasset Norfolk MA 357 Atlantic Ave.FALSE Gropius,Walter; Breuer,Marcel Single Listed DATE RECEIVED/PENDING NOMINATION Appendix F DEP Waste Site/Reportable Release Database RTN City/Town Release Address Site Name Location Aid Reporting Category Notification Date Compliance Status Date Phase RAO Class Chemical Type4‐3025746 COHASSET 151 SOUTH MAIN ST GASOLINE STATION 120 DY 03/29/2006 URAM 04/26/2006 Oil4‐3025298 COHASSET 90 GAMMONS RD DAVID WELTMAN 120 DY 10/06/2005 RAO 01/20/2006 A2 Oil4‐3024904 COHASSET JAMES LN ELLMS MEADOW PUMP STA 120 DY 05/27/2005 RAO 05/25/2006 A2 Oil4‐3023702 COHASSET 3 MENDEL RD NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 03/25/2004 RAO 07/13/2009 PHASE II A2 Oil4‐3022601 COHASSET MBTA GREENBUSH LINE SURVEY STA 3 52 089ME 46 75 729MN 1213 03 1227 75 120 DY 02/19/2003 SPECPR 04/23/2004 Hazardous Material4‐3022597 COHASSET MBTA GREENBUSH LINE SURVEY STA 3 51 692ME 46 76 836MN 1164 77 1196 62 120 DY 02/19/2003 SPECPR 04/23/2004 Hazardous Material4‐3022596 COHASSET MBTA GREENBUSY LINE SURVEY STA 3 51 809ME 46 76 450MN 1205 20 1209 10 120 DY 02/19/2003 SPECPR 04/23/2004 Oil and Hazardous Material4‐3022590 COHASSET MBTA GREENBUSH LINE SURVEY STA 3 50 814ME 46 77 923MN 1124 87 1161 23 120 DY 02/19/2003 SPECPR 04/23/2004 Hazardous Material4‐3022589 COHASSET MBTA GREENBUSH LINE SURVEY STA 3 49 325ME 46 78 147 MN 1079 46 1081 07 120 DY 02/19/2003 SPECPR 04/23/2004 Oil and Hazardous Material4‐3022587 COHASSET MBTA GREENBUSH LINE SURVEY STA 3 48 990ME 46 78 218MN 1071 41 1077 85 120 DY 02/19/2003 SPECPR 04/23/2004 Hazardous Material4‐3022585 COHASSET MBTA GREENBUSH LINE SURVEY STA 3 49 584ME 46 78 111MN 1091 03 1097 48 120 DY 02/19/2003 SPECPR 04/23/2004 Hazardous Material4‐3021802 COHASSET 155 KING ST NO LOCATION AID 120 DY 11/22/2002 RAO 09/27/2005 PHASE V C1 Hazardous Material4‐3021678 COHASSET 35 ARROWOOD RD NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 04/12/2002 RAO 06/07/2002 A1 Oil4‐3021613 COHASSET CROCKER LN MHD YARD 72 HR 03/28/2002 RAO 07/18/2007 A2 Oil4‐3021417 COHASSET 255 JERUSALEM RD NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 01/21/2002 RAO 01/24/2003 A2 Oil4‐3021307 COHASSET 380 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY COHASSET PLZ 120 DY 11/16/2001 RAO 05/06/2002 B1 Hazardous Material4‐3020802 COHASSET COHASSET HBR NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 06/15/2001 RAO 08/10/2001 A1 Oil4‐3020078 COHASSET DOANE ST BEECHWOOD DUMP WOMPATUK SP 120 DY 09/28/2000 TIERI 05/28/2002 PHASE II Hazardous Material4‐3019953 COHASSET 55 SOUTH MAIN ST NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 09/20/2000 RAO 01/24/2001 A1 Oil4‐3019935 COHASSET 20B NORFOLK LN NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 09/14/2000 RAO 11/13/2000 A2 Oil4‐3019804 COHASSET 114 BEECHWOOD ST NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 08/04/2000 RAO 03/21/2001 A2 Oil4‐3018896 COHASSET SUMMER AND SOUTH MAIN STS NO LOCATION AID 120 DY 10/28/1999 URAM 11/04/1999 Oil4‐3018793 COHASSET 72 ELM ST NO LOCATION AID 72 HR 09/24/1999 RAO 01/28/2000 A2 Oil4‐3018494 COHASSET 272 BEACHWOOD ST NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 07/07/1999 RAO 09/07/1999 A14‐3018222 COHASSET 181 BORDER ST OTIS AVE TWO HR 04/22/1999 RAO 09/13/1999 A1 Oil4‐3018152 COHASSET 800 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY ROUTE 3A 120 DY 04/01/1999 RAO 03/29/2000 PHASE II B1 Oil4‐3017683 COHASSET 30 CROCKER LN MHD DEPOT  RECORDS STORAGE DEPOT 72 HR 12/04/1998 RAO 03/29/1999 A2 Oil4‐3017650 COHASSET CROCKER LN OFF RTE 3A MHD FACILITY #89 72 HR 11/20/1998 RAO 03/29/1999 A2 Oil4‐3017558 COHASSET 217 SOUTH MAIN ST NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 11/11/1998 RAO 10/26/2000 PHASE II A2 Oil4‐3017060 COHASSET 828‐860 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY COHASSET COLLISION CTR 120 DY 07/23/1998 RAO 07/23/1998 B1 Hazardous Material4‐3016914 COHASSET 30 HAMMOND AVE NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 06/14/1998 RAO 03/24/2000 A2 Oil4‐3016805 COHASSET 30 HAMMOND AVE NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 05/15/1998 RAO 02/17/1999 A1 Oil4‐3016596 COHASSET BEECHWOOD ST EASTERN EDISON TWO HR 03/14/1998 RAO 05/12/1998 A1 Oil4‐3015552 COHASSET 21 NORFOLK RD NO LOCATION AID 120 DY 09/19/1997 RAO 09/17/1998 A2 Oil4‐3015519 COHASSET 132 RTE 3A COHASSET GREENHOUSE TWO HR 09/12/1997 RAO 11/12/1997 A2 Oil4‐3015275 COHASSET 828‐860 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY COHASSET COLLISION CENTER 120 DY 07/01/1997 RAO 07/01/1997 B1 Hazardous Material4‐3015084 COHASSET 6 SCHOFIELD RD NO LOCATION AID 72 HR 05/09/1997 RAO 03/12/1998 A2 Oil4‐3015070 COHASSET POND ST @ SPRING ST TWO HR 05/05/1997 RAO 07/07/1997 A1 Oil4‐3014764 COHASSET 1AND3AND5 SOUTH MAIN ST NO LOCATION AID 120 DY 01/23/1997 DPS 01/23/1997 Hazardous Material4‐3014521 COHASSET 40 BORDER ST OLD SALT HOUSE MARINA TWO HR 11/20/1996 RAO 03/27/1997 A2 Oil4‐3014235 COHASSET 25 WOOD WAY DRIVEWAY TWO HR 09/17/1996 RAO 11/15/1996 A2 Oil4‐3014173 COHASSET 231 SOUTH MAIN ST NO LOCATION AID 72 HR 08/23/1996 RAO 02/06/1997 A2 Oil4‐3013576 COHASSET 56‐68 SOUTH MAIN ST NO LOCATION AID 120 DY 03/19/1996 RAO 04/05/1996 B1 Oil4‐3013437 COHASSET 740 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY CORNER OF CUSHING HWY AND BEECHWOOD ST 72 HR 02/09/1996 RTN CLOSED 04/05/1996 Oil4‐3013301 COHASSET 604 JERUSALEM RD RATTLESNAKE BROOK, BEHIND 619 JERUSALEM TWO HR 01/01/1996 RAO 05/08/1998 A2 Oil4‐3013164 COHASSET 740 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY CORNER OF BEECHWOOD & ROUTE 3A 120 DY 11/20/1995 RTN CLOSED 04/05/1996 Hazardous Material4‐3012973 COHASSET 60 SOUTH MAIN ST NO LOCATION AID 120 DY 09/27/1995 DPS 04/05/1996 Oil and Hazardous Material4‐3012361 COHASSET DEPOT CT FMR BROWNS AUTO REPAIR  IN ST 120 DY 04/07/1995 RTN CLOSED 11/13/2006 Oil4‐3012337 COHASSET 740 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY EXXON FACILITY #3‐1491 120 DY 04/04/1995 RTN CLOSED 04/05/1996 Oil4‐3011912 COHASSET 740 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY RTE 3A 72 HR 12/01/1994 RTN CLOSED 04/05/1996 PHASE IV Oil4‐3011599 COHASSET 109 SOUTH MAIN ST SPRING & SOUTH MAIN STS 72 HR 09/16/1994 RAO 11/15/1994 A2 Oil4‐3011289 COHASSET 1 PLEASANT ST TARGET INDUSTRIES 72 HR 07/12/1994 RAO 07/19/1995 A3 Oil4‐3010589 COHASSET 13 NORTH MAIN ST NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 02/16/1994 RAO 04/22/1994 A2 Oil4‐3010536 COHASSET 215 SOUTH MAIN ST RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY 72 HR 10/01/1993 RAO 11/04/1994 A2 Oil 4‐3010517 COHASSET 110 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY FMR COHASSET SKATING RINK 72 HR 02/03/1994 RAO 05/16/1994 A1 Oil4‐3010160 COHASSET 155 KING ST RT 3A TWO HR 11/06/1993 RAO 12/10/1993 A2 Hazardous Material4‐3010097 COHASSET KING ST POLE #16/BETWEEN POND ST & SCHOFIELD RD TWO HR 10/24/1993 RAO 01/03/1994 A2 Oil4‐3004776 COHASSET 740 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY EXXON SERVICE STATION 3‐1491 NONE 10/01/1993 RAO 04/04/2002 PHASE IV A2 Oil4‐3004764 COHASSET 55 MAIN ST TEXACO STATION NONE 06/28/1993 TIERI 09/19/2005 PHASE II Oil4‐3004574 COHASSET 100 RIPLEY RD US POST OFFICE NONE 11/25/1992 RAO 08/08/19974‐3004496 COHASSET 754 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY DWYER CLEANERS NONE 07/15/1993 RAO 06/02/2000 PHASE VA24‐3003655 COHASSET 151 SOUTH MAIN ST COHASSET SERVICE STATION NONE 09/26/1991 TIERI 10/24/1997 PHASE II Oil4‐3003481 COHASSET 56 SPRING ST PROPERTY NONE 01/15/1991 RAO 05/01/1996 A2 Oil4‐3003434 COHASSET 395 NORTH MAIN ST EASTERN EDISON COHASSET SUB NONE 07/15/1993 RAO 03/17/1997 A2 Oil and Hazardous Material4‐3002730 COHASSET 190 KING DR GAS STATION FMR NONE 01/15/1992 RAO 07/31/19984‐3002552 COHASSET 44 BORDER ST RESTAURANT NONE 03/09/1988 DEPNFA 05/01/1996 Oil4‐3002542 COHASSET 405 NORTH MAIN ST GASOLINE STATION NONE 04/28/1989 RAO 07/30/1998 PHASE IV A2 Oil4‐3002378 COHASSET 391 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY SUNOCO STATION NONE 01/17/1989 DEPNFA 05/02/19964‐3002328 COHASSET 143 POND ST COHASSET HIGH SCHOOL NONE 01/15/1990 RAO 01/27/1997 A24‐3002233 COHASSET 22 DEPOT CT BROWNS AUTO REPAIR NONE 10/15/1989 RAO 01/31/2012 C1 Oil4‐3001816 COHASSET 828 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY SPENSLEY CHEVROLET NONE 01/15/1989 RAO 07/01/1997 A24‐3001814 COHASSET 40 BORDER ST OLD SALT HOUSE NONE 01/15/1989 DEPNFA 05/14/19964‐3000878 COHASSET 805 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY MITCHELLS REPAIR NONE 10/15/1988 RAO 12/04/1995 A24‐3000566 COHASSET 430 SOUTH MAIN ST J J HENRY CO NONE 01/15/1987 DEPNDS 05/14/19964‐3000521 COHASSET 155 KING ST WEBB NORFOLK CONVEYORFMR NONE 01/15/1987 DEPNFA 07/23/19934‐3000483 COHASSET 827 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY PROPERTY NONE 01/15/1987 LSPNFA 01/17/19954‐0026546 COHASSET VICINITY OF 19 LIGHT HOUSE LN COHASSET HARBOR TWO HR 03/08/2017 ADEQUATE REG 03/08/20174‐0026426 COHASSET 1 RIDGE TOP ROAD RESIDENCE TWO HR 11/17/2016 PSNC 05/02/2018 PHASE II PN4‐0025815 COHASSET 84 WHITE HEAD RD BEACH TWO HR 10/01/2015 PSNC 08/30/2016 PN4‐0024586 COHASSET BEECHWOOD STREET INTERSECTION OF BEECHWOOD ST AND RT 3A TWO HR 06/07/2013 RAO 07/08/2013 A1 Oil4‐0024403 COHASSET 300 SOUTH MAIN STREET POLE #148 TWO HR 02/09/2013 RAO 04/10/2013 A1 Oil4‐0024252 COHASSET 405 NORTH MAIN ST ROBBINS GARAGE 72 HR 10/17/2012 TIER 2 10/15/2013 PHASE IV4‐0023522 COHASSET 137 NICHOLS ROAD TRANSFORMER TWO HR 08/28/2011 RAO 10/25/2011 A24‐0022959 COHASSET 130 DOANE ROAD TRANSFORMER TWO HR 11/08/2010 RAO 01/07/2011 A24‐0022757 COHASSET 391 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HW FORMER SUNOCO STATION 72 HR 07/27/2010 RAO 07/22/2011 A2 Oil4‐0022114 COHASSET 1 TURKEY HILL LN CELL TOWER SITE #871579, & #871578 TWO HR 08/06/2009 RAO 11/24/2009 B1 Hazardous Material4‐0021298 COHASSET 595 JERUSALEM RD RESIDENCE 72 HR 06/06/2008 RAO 08/05/2008 A2 Oil4‐0021279 COHASSET 71 SOUTH MAIN ST RED LION INN TWO HR 05/29/2008 RAO 09/25/2008 A2 Oil4‐0020962 COHASSET 79 LINDEN DR RESIDENCE TWO HR 12/17/2007 RAO 06/11/2008 A2 Oil4‐0020911 COHASSET 194 JERUSALEM RD EQUIPMENT STAGING AREA / RESIDENTIAL TWO HR 11/19/2007 RAO 01/10/2008 A14‐0020453 COHASSET 827 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY MAJESTIC MOTORS 120 DY 04/18/2007 RAO 09/04/2007 A2 Oil and Hazardous Material4‐0020353 COHASSET CEDAR ST COHASSET DPW TWO HR 02/28/2007 RAO 05/02/2007 A2 Oil4‐0020312 COHASSET 270 SOUTH MAIN ST RESIDENCE TWO HR 02/09/2007 RAO 08/30/2007 A2 Oil4‐0020304 COHASSET 405 NORTH MAIN ST ROBBINS GARAGE INC TWO HR 02/06/2007 RAO 12/10/2007 A2 Oil4‐0020178 COHASSET 75 MEADOW LN RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION SITE TWO HR 11/20/2006 RAO 01/18/2007 A2 Oil4‐0020126 COHASSET 132 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY NO LOCATION AID 120 DY 09/08/2006 RAO 05/24/2007 A24‐0019826 COHASSET 2 BROOK ST NO LOCATION AID TWO HR 06/01/2006 TIERI 06/08/2007 PHASE II Oil4‐0019815 COHASSET 132 CHIEF JUSTICE CUSHING HWY NO LOCATION AID 120 DY 05/25/2006 RAO 05/24/2007 A2 Hazardous Material Appendix G ADA Accessibility Study Figures Map 1 Regional Context Map Map 2 Environmental Justice Populations Map 3 Zoning Map Map 4 Soils and Geologic Features Map Map 5 Unique Features Map Map 6 Water Resources Map Map 7 Conservation and Recreation Lands Map Map 8 Action Plan Map PREPARED BY: BEALS AND THOMAS, INC. 144 Turnpike Road Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 T 508.366.0560 | www.bealsandthomas.com Civil Engineers + Landscape Architects +Land Surveyors + Planners +Environmental Specialists B E A L S + T H O M A S PROJECT: OPEN SPACE ANDRECREATION PLAN COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS SCALE:DATE: B+T JOB NO. B+T PLAN NO. 2155.01 215501P009A 1" = 2,500'OCTOBER 11, 2018 COPYRIGHT (C) BY BEALS AND THOMAS, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREPARED FOR: TOWN HALL41 HIGHLAND AVENUECOHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS TOWN OF COHASSET FIGURE 0 1,250 2,500 3,750FEET REGIONAL CONTEXT 1-001 CohassetHarbor LittleHarbor TheGulf Lily Pond AaronRiverReservoir Straits Pond MassachusettsBay HINGHAM HULL SCITUATE Åı228 Åı228 ")3A R o c k la n d S treetHullStreetHol l et t StreetEast StreetMainStreetS u m m e r S tr e e t GeorgeWashingtonBoulevardKi n g S t r e e t G a n n ettRoadBranch StreetKilbyStreetChiefJusticeCushingHighwayGannettRoadSohier StreetN a nta s k et Avenue A t l a n t i cAvenue Forest AvenueHa t h e r l y R o a d S o ut hMai nSt r eet Justice Cushing Way N o r th M a i n S t r e e t Count ryW ayJerusalemRoadCh i e f J u s tic e C ushing Highw ay NORTHSCITUATE NANTASKETJUNCTION COHASSET ASSORTED SURFACE FEATURES, REGULATORY LIMIT LINESAND IMAGERY (DATED 2013) PROVIDED BY THE BUREAU OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (MASSGIS), COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSECURITY SERVICES. Legend Town of Cohasset Surrounding Towns kj Cohasset Village Center !(îé MBTA Commuter Rail Stations MBTA Commuter Rail MassDOT Major Roads Open Water Topography (3 meter) [ PREPARED BY: BEALS AND THOMAS, INC. 144 Turnpike Road Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 T 508.366.0560 | www.bealsandthomas.com Civil Engineers + Landscape Architects +Land Surveyors + Planners +Environmental Specialists B E A L S + T H O M A S PROJECT: OPEN SPACE ANDRECREATION PLAN COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS SCALE:DATE: B+T JOB NO. B+T PLAN NO. 2155.01 215501P009A 1" = 2,500'OCTOBER 11, 2018 COPYRIGHT (C) BY BEALS AND THOMAS, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREPARED FOR: TOWN HALL41 HIGHLAND AVENUECOHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS TOWN OF COHASSET FIGURE 0 1,250 2,500 3,750FEET ENVIRONMENTALJUSTICE 2-002 CohassetHarbor LittleHarbor TheGulf Lily Pond AaronRiverReservoir Straits Pond MassachusettsBay HINGHAM HULL SCITUATE Åı228 Åı228 ")3A ASSORTED SURFACE FEATURES, REGULATORY LIMIT LINESAND IMAGERY (DATED 2013) PROVIDED BY THE BUREAU OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (MASSGIS), COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSECURITY SERVICES. Legend Town of Cohasset Surrounding Towns MassDOT Major Roads Open Water Land Environmental Justice 2010 Populations Minority Income English Isolation Minority and Income Minority and English Isolation Income and English Isolation Minority, Income and English Isolation [ PREPARED BY: BEALS AND THOMAS, INC. 144 Turnpike Road Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 T 508.366.0560 | www.bealsandthomas.com Civil Engineers + Landscape Architects +Land Surveyors + Planners +Environmental Specialists B E A L S + T H O M A S PROJECT: OPEN SPACE ANDRECREATION PLAN COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS SCALE:DATE: B+T JOB NO. B+T PLAN NO. 2155.01 215501P009A 1" = 2,500'OCTOBER 11, 2018 COPYRIGHT (C) BY BEALS AND THOMAS, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREPARED FOR: TOWN HALL41 HIGHLAND AVENUECOHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS TOWN OF COHASSET FIGURE 0 1,250 2,500 3,750FEET ZONING MAP 3-003 *Zoning districts are approximate. Zoning boundariesand designations obtained from Amory Engineers, P.C. For officialzoning information, refer to the Town of Cohasset, MassachusettsZoning District Map CohassetHarbor LittleHarbor TheGulf Lily Pond AaronRiverReservoir Straits Pond MassachusettsBay DB HB RC RA NT RC RC RA RC RC RA OS RC HB LI RC RC RA RB HINGHAM HULL SCITUATE Åı228 Åı228 ")3A ASSORTED SURFACE FEATURES, REGULATORY LIMIT LINESAND IMAGERY (DATED 2013) PROVIDED BY THE BUREAU OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (MASSGIS), COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSECURITY SERVICES. Legend Town of Cohasset Surrounding Towns MassDOT Major Roads Land Zoning Districts HB - Highway Business RA - Residence A RB - Residence B RC - Residence C DB - Downtown Business LI - Light Industrial WB - Waterfront Business OS - Open Space NT - Technology Business Water Bodies (Zoned Inland and/or Tidal Water Body) Water Bodies (Un-zoned Inland and/or Coastal Water Body) [ PREPARED BY: BEALS AND THOMAS, INC. 144 Turnpike Road Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 T 508.366.0560 | www.bealsandthomas.com Civil Engineers + Landscape Architects +Land Surveyors + Planners +Environmental Specialists B E A L S + T H O M A S PROJECT: OPEN SPACE ANDRECREATION PLAN COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS SCALE:DATE: B+T JOB NO. B+T PLAN NO. 2155.01 215501P009A 1" = 2,500'OCTOBER 11, 2018 COPYRIGHT (C) BY BEALS AND THOMAS, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREPARED FOR: TOWN HALL41 HIGHLAND AVENUECOHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS TOWN OF COHASSET FIGURE 0 1,250 2,500 3,750FEET SOILS AND GEOLOGICFEATURES 4-004"""""Ð CohassetHarbor LittleHarbor TheGulf Lily Pond AaronRiverReservoir Straits Pond MassachusettsBay HINGHAM HULL SCITUATE Åı228 Åı228 ")3A ASSORTED SURFACE FEATURES, REGULATORY LIMIT LINESAND IMAGERY (DATED 2013) PROVIDED BY THE BUREAU OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (MASSGIS), COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSECURITY SERVICES. Legend Town of Cohasset Surrounding Towns MassDOT Major Roads Open Water Land Ð AUL Sites Tier-Classified 21E Sites "TIERI "TIERII Surficial Geology Sand and Gravel Till or Bedrock Floodplain Alluvium Prime Farmland Soils Dominant Drainage Class Excessively drained Somewhat excessively drained Well drained Moderately well drained Poorly drained Very poorly drained Not Classified [ PREPARED BY: BEALS AND THOMAS, INC. 144 Turnpike Road Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 T 508.366.0560 | www.bealsandthomas.com Civil Engineers + Landscape Architects +Land Surveyors + Planners +Environmental Specialists B E A L S + T H O M A S PROJECT: OPEN SPACE ANDRECREATION PLAN COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS SCALE:DATE: B+T JOB NO. B+T PLAN NO. 2155.01 215501P009A 1" = 2,500'OCTOBER 11, 2018 COPYRIGHT (C) BY BEALS AND THOMAS, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREPARED FOR: TOWN HALL41 HIGHLAND AVENUECOHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS TOWN OF COHASSET FIGURE 0 1,250 2,500 3,750FEET UNIQUE FEATURES 5-005 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !( !( !(!(!(!( !( !(!(!( #* #* !(!( !(!( !( #* !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !( #* #* #*#* !(!(!( #* #* #* #* #* #* #*#*#*#* #*#*#*#*#*#*#*#* #* #*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#* #*#* !(!( !( !( !(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!( !( !( ")")") ") ") ") ") ") *Views obtained from previous OSRP mappingof Cohasset**Heritage Trail House properties obtainedfrom document entitled "A Quick Guide toCohasset Heritage Trail Houses 1695-1816"prepared by the Cohasset Historical Society. CohassetHarbor LittleHarbor TheGulf Lily Pond AaronRiverReservoir Straits Pond MassachusettsBay HINGHAM HULL SCITUATE Whitney and Thayer Woods Wompatuck State Park Wheelwright ParkÅı228 Åı228 Government Island Mill River Marine Railway Lighthouse Keeper's Cottage Ode's Den Rooster Rock Bigelow Boulder Split Rock Formation Big Tipping Rock ")3A ASSORTED SURFACE FEATURES, REGULATORY LIMIT LINESAND IMAGERY (DATED 2013) PROVIDED BY THE BUREAU OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (MASSGIS), COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSECURITY SERVICES. Legend Town of Cohasset Surrounding Towns MassDOT Major Roads Open Water Land Views* ")Special Sites !(Nat'l Register of Historic Places ^Preservation Restriction #*Local Historic District #*NRHP and LHD Nat'l Register of Historic Places Local Historic District Heritage Trail House Properties** ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Parks [ PREPARED BY: BEALS AND THOMAS, INC. 144 Turnpike Road Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 T 508.366.0560 | www.bealsandthomas.com Civil Engineers + Landscape Architects +Land Surveyors + Planners +Environmental Specialists B E A L S + T H O M A S PROJECT: OPEN SPACE ANDRECREATION PLAN COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS SCALE:DATE: B+T JOB NO. B+T PLAN NO. 2155.01 215501P009A 1" = 2,500'OCTOBER 11, 2018 COPYRIGHT (C) BY BEALS AND THOMAS, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREPARED FOR: TOWN HALL41 HIGHLAND AVENUECOHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS TOWN OF COHASSET FIGURE 0 1,250 2,500 3,750FEET WATER RESOURCES 6a-006 CohassetHarbor LittleHarbor TheGulf Lily Pond AaronRiverReservoir Straits Pond MassachusettsBay HINGHAM HULL SCITUATE WEIR SOUTH COASTAL Åı228 Åı228 ")3A ASSORTED SURFACE FEATURES, REGULATORY LIMIT LINESAND IMAGERY (DATED 2013) PROVIDED BY THE BUREAU OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (MASSGIS), COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSECURITY SERVICES. Legend Town of Cohasset Surrounding Towns MassDOT Major Roads Open Water Land Major Basins Sub-basins k Potential Vernal Pools [´NHESP Certified Vernal Pools #*Public Water Supply Medium Yield Aquifers 100-Year Flood Marsh/Bog Wooded marsh Salt Marsh Tidal Flats Beach/Dune [ PREPARED BY: BEALS AND THOMAS, INC. 144 Turnpike Road Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 T 508.366.0560 | www.bealsandthomas.com Civil Engineers + Landscape Architects +Land Surveyors + Planners +Environmental Specialists B E A L S + T H O M A S PROJECT: OPEN SPACE ANDRECREATION PLAN COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS SCALE:DATE: B+T JOB NO. B+T PLAN NO. 2155.01 215501P009A 1" = 2,500'OCTOBER 11, 2018 COPYRIGHT (C) BY BEALS AND THOMAS, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREPARED FOR: TOWN HALL41 HIGHLAND AVENUECOHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS TOWN OF COHASSET FIGURE 0 1,250 2,500 3,750FEET WATER RESOURCES 6b-007 CohassetHarbor LittleHarbor TheGulf Lily Pond AaronRiverReservoir Straits Pond MassachusettsBay HINGHAM HULL SCITUATE Åı228 Åı228 ")3A ASSORTED SURFACE FEATURES, REGULATORY LIMIT LINESAND IMAGERY (DATED 2013) PROVIDED BY THE BUREAU OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (MASSGIS), COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSECURITY SERVICES. Legend Town of Cohasset Surrounding Towns MassDOT Major Roads Open Water Land Areas of Critical Environmental Concern Zone I Zone II Surface Water Protection Zones Zone A Zone B Zone C """"""Watershed Resource Area* Outstanding Resource Waters ACEC Public Water Supply Watershed [ PREPARED BY: BEALS AND THOMAS, INC. 144 Turnpike Road Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 T 508.366.0560 | www.bealsandthomas.com Civil Engineers + Landscape Architects +Land Surveyors + Planners +Environmental Specialists B E A L S + T H O M A S PROJECT: OPEN SPACE ANDRECREATION PLAN COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS SCALE:DATE: B+T JOB NO. B+T PLAN NO. 2155.01 215501P009A 1" = 2,500'OCTOBER 11, 2018 COPYRIGHT (C) BY BEALS AND THOMAS, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREPARED FOR: TOWN HALL41 HIGHLAND AVENUECOHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS TOWN OF COHASSET FIGURE 0 1,250 2,500 3,750FEET 7 CONSERVATION ANDRECREATION LANDS -008 CohassetHarbor LittleHarbor TheGulf Lily Pond AaronRiverReservoir Straits Pond MassachusettsBay HINGHAM HULL SCITUATE Åı228 Åı228 ")3A 3 7 5 1 2 4 6 ASSORTED SURFACE FEATURES, REGULATORY LIMIT LINESAND IMAGERY (DATED 2013) PROVIDED BY THE BUREAU OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (MASSGIS), COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSECURITY SERVICES. Legend Town of Cohasset Surrounding Towns MassDOT Major Roads Open Water Land Assessors Parcels MassGIS Open Space Conservation Recreation Recreation and Conservation Historical/Cultural Water Supply Other Unknown Conservation Restriction from Norfolk Ram Non-taxable Parcels from Cohasset Assessors !(Recreation Facilities [ PREPARED BY: BEALS AND THOMAS, INC. 144 Turnpike Road Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 T 508.366.0560 | www.bealsandthomas.com Civil Engineers + Landscape Architects +Land Surveyors + Planners +Environmental Specialists B E A L S + T H O M A S PROJECT: OPEN SPACE ANDRECREATION PLAN COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS SCALE:DATE: B+T JOB NO. B+T PLAN NO. 2155.01 215501P009A 1" = 2,500'OCTOBER 11, 2018 COPYRIGHT (C) BY BEALS AND THOMAS, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREPARED FOR: TOWN HALL41 HIGHLAND AVENUECOHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS TOWN OF COHASSET FIGURE 0 1,250 2,500 3,750FEET SEVEN-YEARACTION PLAN 8-009""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!( !( !( !( !( !( !( Note: Many of the action items for this project are difficult to map as they arenot associated with specific places. Even the attributes shown on the mapmay not represent the entirety of an action item. For a full list of the action items, see Section 9.0 of the Open Space andRecreation Plan. CohassetHarbor LittleHarbor TheGulf Lily Pond AaronRiverReservoir Straits Pond MassachusettsBay HINGHAM HULL SCITUATE Åı228 Åı228 ")3A ASSORTED SURFACE FEATURES, REGULATORY LIMIT LINESAND IMAGERY (DATED 2013) PROVIDED BY THE BUREAU OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (MASSGIS), COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSECURITY SERVICES. Legend Town of Cohasset Surrounding Towns MassDOT Major Roads Open Water Land Shellfish Suitability Areas (Objective 8.2(2)-10) !(Recreation Facilities (Objective 8.2(3)-1 and -5) MHD and DCR Trails (Objective 8.2(3)- 3 and -4) Mooring Fields (Objective 8.2(3)-8)""""""""""""Publicly Accessible Non-Town Open Space (Objective 8.2(4)-4) [